ArticleBrain and behavior2015
Inflammation and depression: combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and NSAIDs or paracetamol and psychiatric outcomes.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute administration of ibuprofen increases serum concentration of the neuroprotective kynurenine pathway metabolite, kynurenic acid: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Impact of ibuprofen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on emotion-related neural activation: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Trial
- Effect of Ibuprofen on BrainAGE: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Exploratory Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Trial
- Aspirin use and risk of depression: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacovigilance Insights into Ibuprofen's Neuropsychiatric Safety: A Retrospective Analysis of EudraVigilance Reports.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Using Machine Learning to Predict Antidepressant Treatment Outcome From Electronic Health Records.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Article
- Biology of cyclooxygenase-2: An application in depression therapeutics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Update on Statin Treatment in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Enduring neuroimmunological consequences of developmental experiences: From vulnerability to resilience.Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2020Review
- Article
- The Impact of Immunological Factors on Depression Treatment - Relation Between Antidepressants and Immunomodulation Agents.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Review
- Quercetin Alleviates LPS-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in RatsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Inflaming sex differences in mood disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Article
- The effects of combined sertraline and aspirin therapy on depression severity among patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Electronic physician · 2017Article
- Anti-inflammatory treatment and risk for depression after first-time stroke in a cohort of 147 487 Danish patients.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2017Article
- Do Statins Have Antidepressant Effects?CNS drugs · 2017Review
- Changes in Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Role of Positive and Negative Social Support.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Inflammation and Immune Regulation as Potential Drug Targets in Antidepressant Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol have been shown to yield the potential of adjunctive antidepressant treatment effects to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); however, when investigating treatment effects of concomitant use, simultaneous evaluation of potential adverse events is important. The objective was thus to investigate treatment effectiveness and safety aspects of concomitant SSRI use with NSAIDs or paracetamol.
methodsWithin a 25% random sample of the Danish population, we identified all incident SSRI users between 1997 and 2006 (N = 123,351). Effectiveness and safety measures were compared between periods of SSRI use only and periods of combined SSRI and NSAID or paracetamol use by applying Cox regression.
resultsAmong 123,351 SSRI users (follow-up: 53,697.8 person-years), 21,666 (17.5%) used NSAIDs and 10,232 (8.3%) paracetamol concomitantly. Concomitant NSAID use increased the risk of any psychiatric contact [Hazard rate ratio (95%-confidence interval): 1.22 (1.07; 1.38)] and with depression [1.31 (1.11; 1.55)]. Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid reduced the risk of psychiatric contact in general [0.74 (0.56; 0.98)] and with depression [0.71 (0.50; 1.01)]. Ibuprofen reduced the risk of psychiatric contacts [0.76 (0.60; 0.98)]. Concerning safety, paracetamol was associated with increased mortality [3.18 (2.83; 3.58)], especially cardiovascular [2.51 (1.93; 3.28)]. Diclofenac [1.77 (1.22; 2.55)] and the selective COX-2 inhibitors [1.75 (1.21; 2.53)] increased mortality risks.
conclusionsConcomitant use of SSRIs and NSAIDs occurred frequently, and effectiveness and safety outcomes varied across individual NSAIDs. Especially low-dose acetylsalicylic acid may represent an adjunctive antidepressant treatment option. The increased mortality risk of concomitant use of paracetamol needs further investigation.
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