Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26356064›Full record

ArticleRadiology2016

CT Image Contrast of High-Z Elements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications.

Paul F FitzGerald, Robert E Colborn, Peter M Edic, Jack W Lambert, Andrew S Torres, Peter J Bonitatibus, Benjamin M Yeh

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Tantalum-Based Nanomaterials: From Properties to Biomedical Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Paul F FitzGeraldFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Robert E ColbornFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Peter M EdicFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Jack W LambertFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Andrew S TorresFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Peter J BonitatibusFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
Benjamin M YehFrom the Radiation Systems Lab (P.F.F.), Emission Chemistry and Catalysis Lab (R.E.C., P.J.B.), Department of CT, X-ray and Functional Imaging (P.M.E.), and GE Ventures (A.S.T.), GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309; and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.W.L., B.M.Y.).
GE Global Research (United States) · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agents for Reduced Radiation Dose and New Imaging ApplicR01EB015476 · NIBIB · GENERAL ELECTRIC GLOBAL RESEARCH CTR · PI EDIC, PETER, YEH, BENJAMIN M · 2013 to 2016
$3.4M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015476NIBIB NIH HHS R01EB015476
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo quantify the computed tomographic (CT) image contrast produced by potentially useful contrast material elements in clinically relevant imaging conditions. MATERIALS AND

methodsEqual mass concentrations (grams of active element per milliliter of solution) of seven radiodense elements, including iodine, barium, gadolinium, tantalum, ytterbium, gold, and bismuth, were formulated as compounds in aqueous solutions. The compounds were chosen such that the active element dominated the x-ray attenuation of the solution. The solutions were imaged within a modified 32-cm CT dose index phantom at 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp at CT. To simulate larger body sizes, 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1.0-mm-thick copper filters were applied. CT image contrast was measured and corrected for measured concentrations and presence of chlorine in some compounds.

resultsEach element tested provided higher image contrast than iodine at some tube potential levels. Over the range of tube potentials that are clinically practical for average-sized and larger adults-that is, 100 kVp and higher-barium, gadolinium, ytterbium, and tantalum provided consistently increased image contrast compared with iodine, respectively demonstrating 39%, 56%, 34%, and 24% increases at 100 kVp; 39%, 66%, 53%, and 46% increases at 120 kVp; and 40%, 72%, 65%, and 60% increases at 140 kVp, with no added x-ray filter.

conclusionThe consistently high image contrast produced with 100-140 kVp by tantalum compared with bismuth and iodine at equal mass concentration suggests that tantalum could potentially be favorable for use as a clinical CT contrast agent.

Indexed as

BariumBismuthContrast MediaGadoliniumHumansIodinePhantoms, ImagingTantalumTomography, X-Ray ComputedYtterbiumBariumBismuthContrast MediaGadoliniumIodineTantalumYtterbium

Identifiers

PMID26356064
PMCPMC4770942
OpenAlexW1826968434

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.