Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26355347›Full record

ArticleCell death & disease2015

Absence of RIPK3 predicts necroptosis resistance in malignant melanoma.

P Geserick, J Wang, R Schilling, S Horn, P A Harris, J Bertin, P J Gough, M Feoktistova, M Leverkus

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell death & disease, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

117 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Shedding light on the cancer cell death mechanism in photodynamic therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Targeting PANoptosis in atherosclerosis: bridging cell death mechanisms and therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Cell Death Modalities in Therapy of Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Sphingolipid metabolism and regulated cell death in malignant melanoma.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024
    Review

57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

P GeserickSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
J WangSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
R SchillingSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
S HornSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
P A HarrisPattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
J BertinPattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
P J GoughPattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
M FeoktistovaSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
M LeverkusSection of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acquired or intrinsic resistance to apoptotic and necroptotic stimuli is considered a major hindrance of therapeutic success in malignant melanoma. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are important regulators of apoptotic and necroptotic cell death mediated by numerous cell death signalling platforms. In this report we investigated the impact of IAPs for cell death regulation in malignant melanoma. Suppression of IAPs strongly sensitized a panel of melanoma cells to death ligand-induced cell death, which, surprisingly, was largely mediated by apoptosis, as it was completely rescued by addition of caspase inhibitors. Interestingly, the absence of necroptosis signalling correlated with a lack of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) mRNA and protein expression in all cell lines, whereas primary melanocytes and cultured nevus cells strongly expressed RIPK3. Reconstitution of RIPK3, but not a RIPK3-kinase dead mutant in a set of melanoma cell lines overcame CD95L/IAP antagonist-induced necroptosis resistance independent of autocrine tumour necrosis factor secretion. Using specific inhibitors, functional studies revealed that RIPK3-mediated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) phosphorylation and necroptosis induction critically required receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 signalling. Furthermore, the inhibitor of mutant BRAF Dabrafenib, but not Vemurafenib, inhibited necroptosis in melanoma cells whenever RIPK3 is present. Our data suggest that loss of RIPK3 in melanoma and selective inhibition of the RIPK3/MLKL axis by BRAF inhibitor Dabrafenib, but not Vemurafenib, is critical to protect from necroptosis. Strategies that allow RIPK3 expression may allow unmasking the necroptotic signalling machinery in melanoma and points to reactivation of this pathway as a treatment option for metastatic melanoma.

Indexed as

ApoptosisHumansMelanomaNecrosisReceptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine KinasesRIPK3 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID26355347
PMCPMC4650439

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.