ReviewBMC medicine2015
Improving health outcomes through concurrent HIV program scale-up and health system development in Rwanda: 20 years of experience.
Review in BMC medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Applying the Exploration Preparation Implementation Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to the Kigali Imbereheza Project for Rwandan Adolescents Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Admissions and Outcome at Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- System-wide investments generate health and enhance HIV, TB and malaria control in Malawi.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal Engagement in HIV Care and Antiretroviral Therapy Uptake Among Children Living With HIV.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of low-birth-weight deliveries at four district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Woman-centred care in conflict-affected and fragile states: a scoping review of policy integration and implementation gaps in the greater horn of Africa.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of African Health Histories from the Pre-Colonial to SDG Eras: Insights for Future Health Systems.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The successful scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy globally has many lessons for advancing universal health coverage: progress at risk.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among Rwandan men aged 50-59: evidence from the 2019-20 RDHS.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- The political economy of adolescent mental health in Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- From tragedy to triumph: Rwanda's healthcare over three decades.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Bridging gaps in the elimination of deep mycoses: a comparative analysis of mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis control strategies in Rwanda and China.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Review
- Cancer risk among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Rwanda from 2007 to 2018.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- HIV and hepatitis B, C co-infection and correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Rwanda, 2021: a respondent-driven sampling, cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Leveraging the HIV response to strengthen pandemic preparedness.PLOS global public health · 2023Review
- Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with advanced HIV disease in the "treat all" era: a retrospective cohort study from rural Rwanda.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The association between health workforce availability and HIV-program outcomes in Côte d'Ivoire.Human resources for health · 2022Article
- An Overview of Healthcare Systems in Comoros: The Effects of Two Decades of Political Instability.Annals of global health · 2021Review
- Article
- Obstetric admissions and outcomes in an intensive care unit in Malawi.International journal of obstetric anesthesia · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi destroyed the health system in Rwanda. It is impressive that a small country like Rwanda has advanced its health system to the point of now offering near universal health insurance coverage. Through a series of strategic structural changes to its health system, catalyzed through international assistance, Rwanda has demonstrated a commitment towards improving patient and population health indicators. In particular, the rapid scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become a great success story for Rwanda. The country achieved universal coverage of ART at a CD4 cell count of 200 cells/mm(3) in 2007 and increased the threshold for initiation of ART to ≤350 cells/mm(3) in 2008. Further, 2013 guidelines raised the threshold for initiation to ≤500 cells/mm(3) and suggest immediate therapy for key affected populations. In 2015, guidelines recommend offering immediate treatment to all patients. By reviewing the history of HIV and the scale-up of treatment delivery in Rwanda since the genocide, this paper highlights some of the key innovations of the Government of Rwanda and demonstrates the ways in which the national response to the HIV epidemic has catalyzed the implementation of interventions that have helped strengthen the overall health system.
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