Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26352917›Full record

ReviewThe Clinical journal of pain2015

Methodology for Knowledge Synthesis of the Management of Vaccination Pain and Needle Fear.

Anna Taddio, C Meghan McMurtry, Vibhuti Shah, Eugene W Yoon, Elizabeth Uleryk, Rebecca Pillai Riddell, Eddy Lang, Christine T Chambers, Melanie Noel, Noni E MacDonald and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Clinical journal of pain, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Reducing distress during vaccine injections: 2026 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026
    Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Reducing pain during vaccine injections: clinical practice guideline.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2015
    Guideline
  15. Trial
  16. Relative effectiveness of additive pain interventions during vaccination in infants.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017
    Trial
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Anna Taddio*Clinical Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto ¶Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto †Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children ∥Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital #Maternal-Infant Care (MiCare) Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital **Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto ‡Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Guelph Ontario §Children's Health Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON ††Alberta Health Services, Fort McMurray ‡‡Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB ∥∥Department of Pediatrics/Psychology, IWK Health Centre §§Faculty of Science ##Department of Paediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University ***Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada ¶¶Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
C Meghan McMurtry
Vibhuti Shah
Eugene W Yoon
Elizabeth Uleryk
Rebecca Pillai Riddell
Eddy Lang
Christine T Chambers
Melanie Noel
Noni E MacDonald
HELPinKids&Adults Team
3M (United States) · USSickKids Foundation · CAWestern University · CAInfant · IEMount Sinai Hospital · USSinai Hospital · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research KRS 132031
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA knowledge synthesis was undertaken to inform the development of a revised and expanded clinical practice guideline about managing vaccination pain in children to include the management of pain across the lifespan and the management of fear in individuals with high levels of needle fear. This manuscript describes the methodological details of the knowledge synthesis and presents the list of included clinical questions, critical and important outcomes, search strategy, and search strategy results.

methodsThe Grading of Assessments, Recommendations, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Cochrane methodologies provided the general framework. The project team voted on clinical questions for inclusion and critically important and important outcomes. A broad search strategy was used to identify relevant randomized-controlled trials and quasi-randomized-controlled trials. Quality of research evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and quality across studies was assessed using GRADE. Multiple measures of the same construct within studies (eg, observer-rated and parent-rated infant distress) were combined before pooling. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) or relative risk and 95% CI was used to express the effects of an intervention.

resultsAltogether, 55 clinical questions were selected for inclusion in the knowledge synthesis; 49 pertained to pain management during vaccine injections and 6 pertained to fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Pain, fear, and distress were typically prioritized as critically important outcomes across clinical questions. The search strategy identified 136 relevant studies.

conclusionsThis manuscript describes the methodological details of a knowledge synthesis about pain management during vaccination and fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Subsequent manuscripts in this series will present the results for the included questions.

Indexed as

KnowledgePain ManagementAnxietyDatabases, BibliographicFearHumansNeedlesPainVaccination

Identifiers

PMID26352917
PMCPMC4900412
OpenAlexW2487625754

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.