ReviewRetina (Philadelphia, Pa.)2015
INTRAVITREAL CORTICOSTEROIDS IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA: PHARMACOKINETIC CONSIDERATIONS.
Review in Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Beyond hyperglycaemia: diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial complication of diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Annexin A1 as a Key Modulator of Inflammatory, Glial, and Angiogenic Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Emerging innovations in ophthalmic drug delivery for diabetic retinopathy: a translational perspective.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Implantable ocular therapeutic systems: an insight into their clinical potential in the long-term treatment of ocular diseases.Biofabrication · 2026Review
- A retrospective study reporting the incidence, risk factors, and intraocular pressure rise in patients receiving intravitreal steroids for retinal inflammatory diseases in a tertiary eye care hospital of South India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Real-World Validation of the VIVEX Formula for Vitreous Volume Estimation in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A First Clinical Case Series.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The relationship between the intraocular position of dexamethasone intravitreal implant and post-injection intraocular pressure elevation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Incidence of Post-Operative Fibrinoid Syndrome in Diabetic Eyes Receiving a Dexamethasone Implant During Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Fluocinolone acetonide 0.18-mg implant for treatment of recurrent inflammation due to non-infectious uveitis: a case series of 15 patients.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Use of a dexamethasone implant to treat macular edema following pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the primary epiretinal membrane.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Brolucizumab, Aflibercept, and Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Patients with Visual Impairment Due to Diabetic Macular Oedema: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Visual function and retinal morphological changes after single suprachoroidal delivery of fluocinolone acetonide (Iluvien®) implant in eyes with chronic diabetic macular edema.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide Nanocrystals for Ocular Administration.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Diabetic Macular Oedema Guidelines: An Australian Perspective.Journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Management of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Switched from Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant to Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Steroid Treatment in Macular Edema: A Bibliometric Study and Visualization Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo review the relationship between kinetics, efficacy, and safety of several corticosteroid formulations for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
methodsReports of corticosteroid use for the treatment of diabetic macular edema were identified by a literature search, which focused on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of these agents in preclinical animal models and clinical trials.
resultsAvailable corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema treatment include intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone acetonide. Because of differences in solubility and bioavailability, various delivery mechanisms are used. Bioerodible delivery systems achieve higher maximum concentrations than nonbioerodible formulations. There is a relationship between visual gains and drug persistence in the intravitreal compartment. Safety effects were more complex; level of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide exposure is related to development of elevated intraocular pressure and cataract; this does not seem to be the case for dexamethasone, where two different doses showed similar mean intraocular pressure and incidence of cataract surgery. With fluocinolone acetonide, rates of intraocular pressure elevations requiring surgery seem to be dose related; rates of cataract extraction were similar regardless of dose.
conclusionAvailable corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles that impact efficacy and adverse events and should be taken into account when developing individualized treatment plans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.