ArticleBiomaterials2015
A modular, plasmin-sensitive, clickable poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin-laminin microsphere system for establishing growth factor gradients in nerve guidance conduits.
Article in Biomaterials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS-STING pathway modulation: A new hope for neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Advances in Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration: From Scaffold Design to CAP-Enabled Interfaces and AI-Driven Optimization.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gelatin Methacrylate Macroporous Cell Scaffold Fabrication via One-Pot Aqueous Two-Phase Separation.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2025Article
- Practical Guide to the Design of Granular Hydrogels for Customizing Complex Cellular Microenvironments.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Promotion of nerve regeneration and motor function recovery in SCI rats using LOCAS-iPSCs-NSCs.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Application of neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors as therapy after peripheral nervous system injury.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Microgel assembly: Fabrication, characteristics and application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Bioactive materials · 2022Review
- Designing Microgels for Cell Culture and Controlled Assembly of Tissue Microenvironments.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- Porous bio-click microgel scaffolds control hMSC interactions and promote their secretory properties.Biomaterials · 2020Article
- Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2020Article
- Article
- Injectable Macroporous Hydrogel Formed by Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Gelatin Microgels.ACS applied bio materials · 2018Article
- Biomimetic neural scaffolds: a crucial step towards optimal peripheral nerve regeneration.Biomaterials science · 2018Review
- Dual Contribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Employed for Tissue Engineering of Peripheral Nerves: Trophic Activity and Differentiation into Connective-Tissue Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2018Article
- Clickable Microgel Scaffolds as Platforms for 3D Cell Encapsulation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2017Article
- Microsphere-Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Engineering.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complex problem that, despite many advancements and innovations, still has sub-optimal outcomes. Compared to biologically derived acellular nerve grafts and autografts, completely synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGC), which allow for precise engineering of their properties, are promising but still far from optimal. We have developed an almost entirely synthetic NGC that allows control of soluble growth factor delivery kinetics, cell-initiated degradability and cell attachment. We have focused on the spatial patterning of glial-cell derived human neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which promotes motor axon extension. The base scaffolds consisted of heparin-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres. The modular microsphere format greatly simplifies the formation of concentration gradients of reversibly bound GDNF. To facilitate axon extension, we engineered the microspheres with tunable plasmin degradability. 'Click' cross-linking chemistries were also added to allow scaffold formation without risk of covalently coupling the growth factor to the scaffold. Cell adhesion was promoted by covalently bound laminin. GDNF that was released from these microspheres was confirmed to retain its activity. Graded scaffolds were formed inside silicone conduits using 3D-printed holders. The fully formed NGC's contained plasmin-degradable PEG/heparin scaffolds that developed linear gradients in reversibly bound GDNF. The NGC's were implanted into rats with severed sciatic nerves to confirm in vivo degradability and lack of a major foreign body response. The NGC's also promoted robust axonal regeneration into the conduit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.