ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
RNA transcription modulates phase transition-driven nuclear body assembly.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 306 papers.
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Who cites it
306 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nucleolar reorganization on stress depends on physicochemical changes due to reduced nascent rRNA synthesis.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Elucidating structure-function relationships in the mammalian nucleolus.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Muscular dystrophy-associated lamin variants disrupt cellular organization through a nucleolar-ribosomal axis.Science advances · 2026Article
- TNK1 is a targetable JAK-independent driver of STAT signaling and inflammation.Genes & development · 2026Article
- Programmable Multiphasic Condensates Formed via Evaporation-Induced Phase Separation of Minimal Peptide Model.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Nuclear envelope-dependent heterochromatin positioning gates the timing of nucleolar assembly in the early embryo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The exchange dynamics of client molecules in biomolecular condensates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Single-Molecule Dwell Times in Biomolecular Condensates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Entropic Charge Separation as a General Mechanism Arresting Nanoscale Condensate Coarsening.Physical review letters · 2026Article
- The Polymers of Life: Exploring Cellular Function Through Polymer Concepts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nucleolar Dynamics During Oogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of synthetic transcriptional condensates emerge from RNA synthesis and degradation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nonequilibrium phases of a biomolecular condensate facilitated by enzyme activity.Soft matter · 2026Article
- Investigating Phase Separation in Genome Folding via Multiscale Computational Modeling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nuclear Mechanics and Nuclear Mechanotransduction in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- RNA Pol I shapes meiotic chromatin, germline H3K4me3 dynamics, and oogenesis independent of ribosome assembly.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Regulation of transcription by R loop-nucleated transcription condensate assembly.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- Diverse, distinct, and densely packed DNA nanostar droplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Fibrillarin/Nop1 perturbs RNA folding and assembly independently of liquid-liquid phase separation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
246 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are RNA and protein-rich, membraneless organelles that play important roles in gene regulation. The largest and most well-known nuclear body is the nucleolus, an organelle whose primary function in ribosome biogenesis makes it key for cell growth and size homeostasis. The nucleolus and other nuclear bodies behave like liquid-phase droplets and appear to condense from the nucleoplasm by concentration-dependent phase separation. However, nucleoli actively consume chemical energy, and it is unclear how such nonequilibrium activity might impact classical liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we combine in vivo and in vitro experiments with theory and simulation to characterize the assembly and disassembly dynamics of nucleoli in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. In addition to classical nucleoli that assemble at the transcriptionally active nucleolar organizing regions, we observe dozens of "extranucleolar droplets" (ENDs) that condense in the nucleoplasm in a transcription-independent manner. We show that growth of nucleoli and ENDs is consistent with a first-order phase transition in which late-stage coarsening dynamics are mediated by Brownian coalescence and, to a lesser degree, Ostwald ripening. By manipulating C. elegans cell size, we change nucleolar component concentration and confirm several key model predictions. Our results show that rRNA transcription and other nonequilibrium biological activity can modulate the effective thermodynamic parameters governing nucleolar and END assembly, but do not appear to fundamentally alter the passive phase separation mechanism.
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