Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26351677›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Hopanoids as functional analogues of cholesterol in bacterial membranes.

James P Sáenz, Daniel Grosser, Alexander S Bradley, Thibaut J Lagny, Oksana Lavrynenko, Martyna Broda, Kai Simons

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 242 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Visualization of the interaction between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in lipid bilayer membranes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The evolutionary history and modern diversity of triterpenoid cyclases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Frontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Article

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

James P SáenzMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; saenz@mpi-cbg.de simons@mpi-cbg.de.
Daniel GrosserMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
Alexander S BradleyDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;
Thibaut J LagnyMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
Oksana LavrynenkoMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
Martyna BrodaMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
Kai SimonsMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; saenz@mpi-cbg.de simons@mpi-cbg.de.
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics · DEWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The functionality of cellular membranes relies on the molecular order imparted by lipids. In eukaryotes, sterols such as cholesterol modulate membrane order, yet they are not typically found in prokaryotes. The structurally similar bacterial hopanoids exhibit similar ordering properties as sterols in vitro, but their exact physiological role in living bacteria is relatively uncharted. We present evidence that hopanoids interact with glycolipids in bacterial outer membranes to form a highly ordered bilayer in a manner analogous to the interaction of sterols with sphingolipids in eukaryotic plasma membranes. Furthermore, multidrug transport is impaired in a hopanoid-deficient mutant of the gram-negative Methylobacterium extorquens, which introduces a link between membrane order and an energy-dependent, membrane-associated function in prokaryotes. Thus, we reveal a convergence in the architecture of bacterial and eukaryotic membranes and implicate the biosynthetic pathways of hopanoids and other order-modulating lipids as potential targets to fight pathogenic multidrug resistance.

Indexed as

Biological TransportCell MembraneCholesterolEnergy MetabolismLipid ALipidsMethylobacterium extorquensPhospholipidsTriterpenesCholesteroldiplopterolLipid ALipidsPhospholipidsTriterpeneshopanoidsmembrane orderMethylobacteriummultidrug effluxouter membrane

Identifiers

PMID26351677
PMCPMC4586864
OpenAlexW1782601010

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.