ReviewVaccines2015
Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant--An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity.
Review in Vaccines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- SmartVax-Bp: An Immunoinformatic guided Multi-Epitope Vaccine Blueprint Against Burkholderia pseudomallei.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Immuno-Informatics Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate AgainstHealth science reports · 2026Article
- A Modular Design of a Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Scaffolded Sub-Virion Nanoparticle Vaccine Against West Nile Virus.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- EPICERTIN, an engineered variant of cholera toxin B subunit, promotes survival and a pro-remodeling macrophage phenotype for mucosal healing in colitis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- DOCK8 and STAT3 cooperate to restrain IgE-inducing T follicular helper cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Recombinant listeriolysin-O as a platform for next-generation vaccines: Mechanisms, immunological evidence, and translational applications in human and veterinary medicine.Open veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatic-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine againstBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Exploring OmpA of Orientia tsutsugamushi to design novel multi-epitope vaccine against scrub typhus: an immunoinformatics approach.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Phylogeny-guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting conserved and divergent regions of Brucella OMP2, OMP25, and OMP31: an immunoinformatics study.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Article
- Harnessing plant chloroplasts for oral delivery of a multi-epitope HPV vaccine: toward cost-effective systemic and mucosal immunization.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics-based design of a next generation multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Shigella boydii using a hierarchical subtractive proteomics approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pangenome-Guided Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics Approach for Rational Design of a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine Candidate Against the Multidrug-Resistant PathogenPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Cholera Toxin B Subunit as a Novel Carrier Protein for Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Correlations Between Rheology, In Situ Mucosal Retention and In Vivo Immunogenicity Reveal the Potential and Limitations of Mucoadhesive Excipients for Sublingual Vaccine Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Cholera toxin B subunit fusion enhances the immunogenicity of the H5 stem domain against the H5N2 avian influenza virus.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Harnessing mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as innovative therapies for autoimmune diseases.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells of the gut and antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, allows its optimal access to the immune system. CTB can easily be expressed on its own in a variety of organisms, and several approaches can be used to couple it to antigens, either by genetic fusion or by chemical manipulation, leading to strongly enhanced immune responses to the antigens. In autoimmune diseases, CTB has the capacity to evoke regulatory responses and to thereby dampen autoimmune responses, in several but not all animal models. It remains to be seen whether the latter approach translates to success in the clinic, however, the versatility of CTB to manipulate immune responses in either direction makes this protein a promising adjuvant for vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.