ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2015
Risk of Mortality According to Body Mass Index and Body Composition Among Postmenopausal Women.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low lean mass and all-cause mortality risk in the middle-aged and older population: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association of muscle wasting with mortality risk among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Body fat and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association Between Hormone Therapy and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue associations with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Trial
- Beyond BMI: an interpretable integrated body composition index from low-dose chest CT for all-cause mortality risk stratification: a multicentre study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- DXA-Derived Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry-Derived Adiposity and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- How sustainable are hypocaloric and balanced diets for weight loss?Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of body composition results of university students obtained using two bioimpedance analyzers.Journal of electrical bioimpedance · 2025Article
- Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Comparison of body composition assessment across body mass index categories by two multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in clinical settings.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Body Weight, BMI, Percent Fat and Associations with Mortality and Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Associations of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of UK Biobank Participants.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Predictive Value of DXA Appendicular Lean Mass for Incident Fractures, Falls, and Mortality, Independent of Prior Falls, FRAX, and BMD: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021Article
- Linoleic Acid-Rich Oil Supplementation Increases Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Alters Plasma Oxylipins in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- It's Absolutely Relative: The Effect of Age on the BMI-Mortality Relationship in Postmenopausal Women.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Article
- The Effects of Reverse Causality and Selective Attrition on the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Association of Normal-Weight Central Obesity With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women.JAMA network open · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity, often defined as a body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) of 30 or higher, has been associated with mortality, but age-related body composition changes can be masked by stable BMI. A subset of Women's Health Initiative participants (postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years) enrolled between 1993 and 1998 who had received dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for estimation of total body fat (TBF) and lean body mass (LBM) (n = 10,525) were followed for 13.6 (standard deviation, 4.6) years to test associations between BMI, body composition, and incident mortality. Overall, BMI ≥35 was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.82), while TBF and LBM were not. However, an interaction between age and body composition (P < 0.001) necessitated age stratification. Among women aged 50-59 years, higher %TBF increased risk of death (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 4.34) and higher %LBM decreased risk of death (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.74), despite broad-ranging BMIs (16.4-69.1). However, the relationships were reversed among women aged 70-79 years (P < 0.05). BMI did not adequately capture mortality risk in this sample of postmenopausal women. Our data suggest the clinical utility of evaluating body composition by age group to more robustly assess mortality risk among postmenopausal women.
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