Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26350058›Full record

ArticleCirculation2015

Population-Based Study of Incidence, Risk Factors, Outcome, and Prognosis of Ischemic Peripheral Arterial Events: Implications for Prevention.

Dominic P J Howard, Amitava Banerjee, Jack F Fairhead, Linda Hands, Louise E Silver, Peter M Rothwell, Oxford Vascular Study

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
20.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04110288 completednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) - Data Extraction and Longitudinal Trend Analysis (DELTA) Paclitaxel Device Safety Analysis - Phase I Study

TypeobservationalSponsorLahey ClinicRan2017 to 2020Enrolled219,483ConditionsPeripheral Vascular DiseaseArmsPaclitaxel, Non-drug coated Device Treatment
NCT04204564 unknown statusnot on this map

Vascular Implant Surveillance and Interventional Outcomes Network and the Vascular Quality Initiative Paclitaxel Safety Analysis

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity of Vermont Medical CenterRan2012 to 2020Enrolled20,000ConditionsPADArmspactlitaxel PAD device
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 313 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Guideline
  4. Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  5. Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
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  9. Ultrasound-Guided Direct Thrombolytic Injection for Acute and Early-Subacute Arterial Occlusions: Feasibility and Early Outcomes.Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists · 2026
    Article
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  15. Proteomics of arterial thrombi in acute limb ischemia.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025
    Article
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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dominic P J HowardFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Amitava BanerjeeFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Jack F FairheadFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Linda HandsFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Louise E SilverFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Peter M RothwellFrom Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK (D.P.J.H., A.B., J.F.F., L.E.S., P.M.R.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK (D.P.J.H., L.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK (A.B.).
Oxford Vascular Study
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust · GB

Funding

Medical Research CouncilThe Dunhill Medical Trust OSRP2/1006Wellcome Trust 095626Wellcome Trust 104040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are few published data on the incidence and long-term outcomes of critical limb ischemia, acute limb ischemia, or acute visceral ischemia with which to inform health service planning, to monitor prevention, and to enable risk prediction. METHODS AND

resultsIn a prospective population-based study (Oxfordshire, UK; 2002-2012), we determined the incidence and outcome of all acute peripheral arterial events in a population of 92,728. Risk factors were assessed by comparison with the underlying population. A total of 510 acute events occurred in 386 patients requiring 803 interventions. Two hundred twenty-one patients (59.3%) were ≥75 years of age, and 98 (26.3%) were ≥85 years old. Two hundred thirty patients (62.3%) were independent before the event, but 270 (73.4%) were dead or dependent at the 6-month follow-up, and 328 (88.9%) were dead or dependent at 5 years. The 30-day survival was lowest for patients with acute visceral ischemia (28.2%) compared with acute limb ischemia (75.3%) and critical limb ischemia (92.6%; P<0.001). Risk factors (all P<0.001) were hypertension (age- and sex-adjusted risk ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.95-3.90), smoking (adjusted risk ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-3.34), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted risk ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-5.35), particularly for critical limb ischemia (adjusted risk ratio, 5.96; 95% confidence interval, 3.15-11.26). Two hundred eighty-eight patients (77.2%) had known previous cardiovascular disease, and 361 (96.8%) had vascular risk factors, but only 203 (54.4%) were on an antiplatelet and only 166 (44.5%) were on a statin. Although 260 patients (69.7%) were taking antihypertensives, 42.9% of all blood pressures recorded during the 5 years before the event were >140/90 mm Hg. Of 88 patients (23.6%) with incident cardioembolic events, 62 had known atrial fibrillation (diagnosed before the event), of whom only 14.5% were anticoagulated despite 82.3% having a CHA2DS2VASC score ≥2 without contraindications.

conclusionsThe clinical burden of peripheral arterial events is substantial. Although the vast majority of patients have known vascular disease in other territories and multiple treatable risk factors, premorbid control is poor.

Indexed as

Population SurveillanceAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceIschemiaMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseasePrognosisProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited Kingdomepidemiologypatient outcome assessmentperipheral vascular diseasesrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID26350058
PMCPMC4633967
OpenAlexW2166263011

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.