ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2015
Assessing Walking and Cycling Environments in the Streets of Madrid: Comparing On-Field and Virtual Audits.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virtual Assessment of Physical Activity-Related Built Environment in Soweto, South Africa: What Is the Role of Contextual Familiarity?Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Comprehensive walkability assessment of urban pedestrian environments using big data and deep learning techniques.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Meteorological gaps in audits of pedestrian environments: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Measuring changes in neighborhood disorder using Google Street View longitudinal imagery: a feasibility study.Cities & health · 2023Article
- Effect of the Street Environment on Walking Behavior: A Case Study Using the Route Choice Model in the Chunliu Community of Dalian.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of Bikeability Assessment Methods.Journal of community health · 2021Article
- Adapting the SPOTLIGHT Virtual Audit Tool to assess food and activity environments relevant for adolescents: a validity and reliability study.International journal of health geographics · 2021Article
- Validation of the Urban Walkability Perception Questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Assessing Google Street View Image Availability in Latin American Cities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Article
- Spatial predictive properties of built environment characteristics assessed by drop-and-spin virtual neighborhood auditing.International journal of health geographics · 2020Article
- A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF WALKING ENVIRONMENT IN MADRID AND PHILADELPHIA USING MULTIPLE SAMPLING METHODS AND STREET VIRTUAL AUDITS.Cities & health · 2020Article
- Drop-And-Spin Virtual Neighborhood Auditing: Assessing Built Environment for Linkage to Health Studies.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Analyzing Associations Between Chronic Disease Prevalence and Neighborhood Quality Through Google Street View Images.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2020Article
- Differences in physical environmental characteristics between adolescents' actual and shortest cycling routes: a study using a Google Street View-based audit.International journal of health geographics · 2018Article
- Neighbourhood looking glass: 360º automated characterisation of the built environment for neighbourhood effects research.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2018Article
- Online versus in-person comparison of Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) assessments: reliability of alternate methods.International journal of health geographics · 2017Article
- Intersection of neighborhood dynamics and socioeconomic status in small-area walkability: the Heart Healthy Hoods project.International journal of health geographics · 2017Article
- Measuring Neighborhood Walkable Environments: A Comparison of Three Approaches.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Validation of a Google Street View-Based Neighborhood Disorder Observational Scale.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- Optimizing Scoring and Sampling Methods for Assessing Built Neighborhood Environment Quality in Residential Areas.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Audit tools are useful for exploring the urban environment and its association with physical activity. Virtual auditing options are becoming increasingly available potentially reducing the resources needed to conduct these assessments. Only a few studies have explored the use of virtual audit tools. Our objective is to test if the Madrid Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environment Scan (M-SPACES) discriminates between areas with different urban forms and to validate virtual street auditing using M-SPACES. Three areas (N = 500 street segments) were selected for variation in population density. M-SPACES was used to audit street segments physically and virtually (Google Street View) by two researchers in 2013-2014. For both physical and virtual audits, all analyzed features score significantly different by area (p < 0.05). Most of the features showed substantial (ICC = 0.6-0.8) or almost perfect (ICC ≥ 0.8) agreement between virtual and physical audits, especially neighborhood permeability walking infrastructure, traffic safety, streetscape aesthetics, and destinations. Intra-rater agreement was generally acceptable (ICC > 0.6). Inter-rater agreement was generally poor (ICC < 0.4). Virtual auditing provides a valid and feasible way of measuring residential urban environments. Comprehensive auditor training may be needed to guarantee good inter-rater agreement.
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