ArticlePloS one2015
Endobronchial Ultrasound Reliably Quantifies Airway Smooth Muscle Remodeling in an Equine Asthma Model.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular remodeling in asthma: from mechanisms to precision medicine.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Equine Asthma: Primary Inflammatory Triggers, Neuroimmune Modulation and Chronic Airway Remodelling.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Type 2 gene expression signature in severe asthma associates with more advanced airway remodeling.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Equine Asthma Diagnostics: Review of Influencing Factors and Difficulties in Diagnosing Subclinical Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Decision Making in Severe Equine Asthma-Diagnosis and Monitoring.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Endobronchial Ultrasound is Useful in the Assessment of Bronchial Wall Changes Related to Bronchial Thermoplasty.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2023Article
- Airway remodeling in asthma.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of azithromycin on bronchial remodeling in the natural model of severe neutrophilic asthma in horses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Airway remodeling in horses with mild and moderate asthma.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Advances and Challenges of Antibody Therapeutics for Severe Bronchial Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Bronchial angiogenesis in horses with severe asthma and its response to corticosteroids.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Immunologic Pathophysiology and Airway Remodeling Mechanism in Severe Asthma: Focused on IgE-Mediated Pathways.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Review
- Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Review
- Fluticasone/salmeterol reduces remodelling and neutrophilic inflammation in severe equine asthma.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Using imaging as a biomarker for asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Review
- Development of a Semiquantitative Histological Score for the Diagnosis of Heaves Using Endobronchial Biopsy Specimens in Horses.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2016Article
- Severe asthma in horses is associated with increased airway innervation.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) revealed differences in the thickness of the layer representing subepithelial tissues (L2) between human asthmatics and controls, but whether this measurement correlates with airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling in asthma is unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the ability of EBUS to predict histological ASM remodeling in normal and equine asthmatic airways. We studied 109 isolated bronchi from the lungs of 13 horses. They underwent EBUS examination using a 30 MHz radial probe before being processed for histology. ASM remodeling parameters were evaluated in EBUS images (L2 thickness, L2 area, L2 area/internal perimeter [Pi] and L2 area/Pi2) and histological cuts (ASM area/Pi2), and compared. EBUS was then performed ex vivo on the lungs of 4 horses with heaves, an asthma-like condition of horses, and 7 controls to determine whether central bronchial remodeling could be detected with this technique. An optimized approach was developed based on data variability within airways, subjects, and groups, and then validated in 7 horses (3 controls, 4 with heaves) that underwent EBUS in vivo. L2 area was significantly associated to ASM area in isolated lungs (p<0.0001), in the absence of significant bias related to the airway size. Bronchial size significantly affected EBUS ASM-related parameters, except for L2 area/Pi2. L2 area/Pi2 was increased in the airways of asthmatic horses compared to controls, both ex vivo and in vivo (p<0.05). Bronchial histology confirmed our findings (AASM/Pi2 was increased in asthmatic horses compared to controls, p<0.05). In both horses with heaves and controls, L2 was composed of ASM for the outer 75% of its thickness and by ECM for the remaining inner 25%. In conclusion, EBUS reliably allows assessment of asthma-associated ASM remodeling of central airways in a non-invasive way.
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