ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Diversity and Inter-Connections in the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor/Ligand Family: Molecular Perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial Transcriptomics Delineates the Inflammatory Landscape of Human Dental Pulp: Regional Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- SOD1 regulates CXCR4 transcription in cortical neurons for establishment of cerebral ischemic tolerance.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Decoding Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Through Genomics, Epigenomics and Cellular Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacological modulation of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 for brain disorders - an overview.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Liposomal nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for improved treatment of multiple myeloma.RSC advances · 2026Review
- The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in colorectal cancer: immune regulation, metastatic progression, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characterization of cancer-associated fibroblast populations that promote tertiary lymphoid structure formation in murine melanoma tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Interlinked CXCR4-Mediated Feedback Loop Among Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Wound Healing.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Beyond Thrombopoiesis: The Immune Functions of Megakaryocytes in Bacterial Infections and Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- A scoping review on potential of novel developments in fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: long-axial-field-of-view positron emission tomography/computed tomography and novel radiotracers.The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of... · 2025Article
- CXCR4-targeted theranostics in acute leukemia: disrupting leukemic cell-microenvironment interactions with pentixafor and pentixather.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Spatial Profiling Identifies Regionally Distinct Microenvironments and Targetable Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Pediatric Osteosarcoma Pulmonary Metastases.Cancer research · 2025Article
- CXCL12+ fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes facilitate immune tolerance by regulating T cell-mediated alloimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis in Cancer Therapy: Analysis of Recent Advances in the Development of Potential Anticancer Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification of increased dedifferentiation along the Prom1+ cancer cells in Müllerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Extracellular Ubiquitin Enhances Autophagy and Inhibits Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway to Protect Neurons Against Spinal Cord Ischemic Injury via CXCR4.Neurospine · 2025Article
- The roles of neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Involvement of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in uterine receptivity and potential relationship to fertility in cattle: a mini review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 mediate the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and their recruitment to sites of injury, as well as affect processes such as cell arrest, survival, and angiogenesis. CXCL12 was long thought to be the sole CXCR4 ligand, but more recently the atypical chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified as an alternative, non-cognate ligand for CXCR4 and shown to mediate chemotaxis and arrest of CXCR4-expressing T-cells. This has complicated the understanding of CXCR4-mediated signaling and associated biological processes. Compared to CXCL12/CXCR4-induced signaling, only few details are known on MIF/CXCR4-mediated signaling and it remains unclear to which extent MIF and CXCL12 reciprocally influence CXCR4 binding and signaling. Furthermore, the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) (previously CXCR7) has added to the complexity of CXCR4 signaling due to its ability to bind CXCL12 and MIF, and to evoke CXCL12- and MIF-triggered signaling independently of CXCR4. Also, extracellular ubiquitin (eUb) and the viral protein gp120 (HIV) have been reported as CXCR4 ligands, whereas viral chemokine vMIP-II (Herpesvirus) and human β3-defensin (HBD-3) have been identified as CXCR4 antagonists. This review will provide insight into the diversity and inter-connections in the CXCR4 receptor/ligand family. We will discuss signaling pathways initiated by binding of CXCL12 vs. MIF to CXCR4, elaborate on how ACKR3 affects CXCR4 signaling, and summarize biological functions of CXCR4 signaling mediated by CXCL12 or MIF. Also, we will discuss eUb and gp120 as alternative ligands for CXCR4, and describe vMIP-II and HBD-3 as antagonists for CXCR4. Detailed insight into biological effects of CXCR4 signaling und underlying mechanisms, including diversity of CXCR4 ligands and inter-connections with other (chemokine) receptors, is clinically important, as the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 has been approved as stem cell mobilizer in specific disease settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.