ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Persistent Immune Activation and Carotid Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Ugandans Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and Clinical Characteristics of HIV and Cerebrovascular Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Between 1990 and 2021.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Stroke in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Systematic Review.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2018Pooled it
- The association between HIV and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Beyond blood pressure: carotid intima-media thickness uncovers subclinical atherosclerosis in normotensive adults with type 2 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Long-term trends in HIV-related stigma among older adults with and without HIV: a cohort study from Mbarara, Uganda.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Steatotic Liver Disease Among People With HIV in Uganda.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immuno-cell metabolic changes in HIV-1 infection.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Correlates of Sleep Health among Older-Age People with and without HIV in Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Learning from Persistent Viremia: Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Care and HIV-1 Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Impact of the first-line antiretroviral therapy on soluble markers of inflammation in cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Moroccan patients: a prospective study.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Priorities for health and wellbeing for older people with and without HIV in Uganda: a qualitative methods study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Immune correlates of cardiovascular co-morbidity in HIV infected participants from South India.BMC immunology · 2022Article
- Increased biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in HIV-1 viremic controllers and low persistent inflammation in elite controllers and art-suppressed individuals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of carotid plaque in a mixed HIV-serostatus cohort in Uganda.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Soluble CD14 Levels in the Jackson Heart Study: Associations With Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Genetic Variants.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and associated immune activation predict the risk of cardiovascular disease in resource-rich areas. Less is known about these relationships in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsBeginning in 2005, we enrolled subjects in southwestern Uganda into a cohort at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multiple immune activation measures were assessed before and 6 months after ART initiation. Beginning in 2013, participants aged >40 years underwent metabolic profiling, including measurement of hemoglobin A1c and lipid levels and carotid ultrasonography. We fit regression models to identify traditional and HIV-specific correlates of common carotid intima media thickness (CCIMT).
resultsA total of 105 participants completed carotid ultrasonography, with a median completion time of 7 years following ART initiation. Age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and pre-ART HIV load were correlated with CCIMT. No association was found between CCIMT and any pre-ART biomarkers of immune activation. However, in multivariable models adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors, lower absolute levels of soluble CD14 and interleukin 6 and greater declines in the CD14 level and kynurenine-tryptophan ratio after 6 months of ART predicted a lower CCIMT years later (P < .01).
conclusionsPersistent immune activation despite ART-mediated viral suppression predicts the future atherosclerotic burden among HIV-infected Ugandans. Future work should focus on clinical correlates of these relationships, to elucidate the long-term health priorities for HIV-infected people in the region.
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