ArticleGut and liver2016
Phenotypic Characteristics of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression in Symptomatic Acute Hepatitis A.
Article in Gut and liver, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and Epstein-Barr virus.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Incomplete elimination of viral genomes is associated with chronic inflammation in nonhuman primate livers after AAV-mediated gene transfer.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With Emerging Cancer Therapies.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Review
- Association of hepatitis B virus DNA levels with efficacy and safety and the impact of antiviral therapy on prognosis in liver cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Impact of baseline hepatitis B virus viral load on the long-term prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with and without immunotherapy.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Article
- Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy: A Systematic Review.Journal of Cancer · 2022Review
- The Role of PD-1 in Acute and Chronic Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients with positive Hepatitis B surface antigen undergoing PD-1 inhibition.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- CTLA‑4 interferes with the HBV‑specific T cell immune response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in Viral Hepatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Immune mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2017Review
- Forsythoside A Inhibits BVDV Replication via TRAF2-Dependent CD28-4-1BB Signaling in Bovine PBMCs.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsThe immunoregulatory molecules programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are associated with the dysfunction of antiviral effector T-cells, which leads to T-cell exhaustion and persistent viral infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B. Little is known about the role of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis A (AHA).
methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from seven patients with AHA and from six patients with nonviral acute toxic hepatitis (ATH) during the symptomatic and convalescent phases of the respective diseases; five healthy subjects acted as controls. The expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T-cells was measured by flow cytometry.
resultsPD-1 and CTLA-4 expression during the symptomatic phase was significantly higher in the T-cells of AHA patients than in those of ATH patients or healthy controls (PD-1 18.3% vs 3.7% vs 1.6%, respectively, p<0.05; CTLA-4 23.5% vs 6.1% vs 5.9%, respectively, p<0.05). The levels of both molecules decreased dramatically during the convalescent phase of AHA, whereas a similar pattern was not seen in ATH.
conclusionsOur findings are consistent with a viral-protective effect of PD-1 and CTLA-4 as inhibitory molecules that suppress cytotoxic T-cells and thereby prevent the destruction of virus-infected hepatocytes in AHA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.