ArticlePsychological medicine2016
Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of psychopathology over time.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent disinhibition profiles linked to externalizing psychopathology.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- A dynamic, multilevel approach to conceptualising and designing resilience research in the context of military stress.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2023Article
- Military service and risk of subsequent drug use disorders among Swedish men.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Conceptualizing traumatic stress and the structure of posttraumatic psychopathology through the lenses of RDoC and HiTOP.Clinical psychology review · 2022Review
- Variability in the stability of personality traits across a single combat deployment.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2022Article
- Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) Longitudinal Cohort Study of New Military Recruits: Results from a Feasibility Pilot Study.Research in human development · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch suggests that personality traits have both direct and indirect effects on the development of psychological symptoms, with indirect effects mediated by stressful or traumatic events. This study models the direct influence of personality traits on residualized changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms following a stressful and potentially traumatic deployment, as well as the indirect influence of personality on symptom levels mediated by combat exposure.
methodWe utilized structural equation modeling with a longitudinal prospective study of 522 US National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Analyses were based on self-report measures of personality, combat exposure, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
resultsBoth pre-deployment Disconstraint and externalizing symptoms predicted combat exposure, which in turn predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was a significant indirect effect for pre-deployment externalizing symptoms on post-deployment externalizing via combat exposure (p < 0.01). Negative Emotionality and pre-deployment internalizing symptoms directly predicted post-deployment internalizing symptoms, but both were unrelated to combat exposure. No direct effects of personality on residualized changes in externalizing symptoms were found.
conclusionsBaseline symptom dimensions had significant direct and indirect effects on post-deployment symptoms. Controlling for both pre-exposure personality and symptoms, combat experiences remained positively related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Implications for diagnostic classification are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.