Trial reportBMJ open2015
Inter-rater reliability of the Berg Balance Scale, 30 s chair stand test and 6 m walking test, and construct validity of the Berg Balance Scale in nursing home residents with mild-to-moderate dementia.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Otago Exercise Program's effect on fall prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of whole-body vibration on lower extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Physical and Motor Fitness Tests for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of action observation therapy on motor and cognitive outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Effects of attentional bias modification on chronic low back pain in older outpatients: A randomized crossover trial (pilot study).Medicine · 2021Trial
- Reliability of mobility measures in older medical patients with cognitive impairment.BMC geriatrics · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Remote Assessment of Physical Function and Physical Activity in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Protocol for Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Effects of a community-based structured group exercise program on cognitive and physical function among older adults with dementia: a randomized controlled trial study protocol.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Acute Effects of High-Velocity Interval Cycling Versus Continuous Moderate-Intensity Cycling on Cognitive Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Immediate and Long-Term Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Exercise Protocol in Patients with Dementia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Responses of Physical Performance to the Eight Weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability Exercises in Older Men.Journal of aging research · 2026Article
- Reproducibility and validity of adapted clinical tests for the assessment of muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer's disease.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Balance and Functional Status in the Geriatric Population.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Global validation of the Berg Balance Scale: a call for Albanian translation and clinical implementation.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Frailty Interventions on Older Patients With Frailty.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2025Article
- Relationship between quadriceps muscle architecture and lower limb strength and physical function in older adults community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A Clinical Perspective on Bespoke Sensing Mechanisms for Remote Monitoring and Rehabilitation of Neurological Diseases: Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWhen testing physical function, patients must be alert and have the capacity to understand and respond to instructions. Patients with dementia may have difficulties fulfilling these requirements and, therefore, the reliability of the measures may be compromised. We aimed to assess the inter-rater reliability between pairs of observers independently rating the participant in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 30 s chair stand test (CST) and 6 m walking test. We also wanted to investigate the internal consistency of the BBS.
designCross-sectional study.
settingWe included 33 nursing home patients with a mild-to-moderate degree of dementia and tested them once with two evaluators present. One evaluator gave instructions and both evaluators scored the patients' performance. Weighted κ, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model 2.1 with 95% CIs and minimal detectable change (MDC) were used to measure inter-rater reliability. Cronbach's α was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the BBS sum score.
resultsThe mean values of the BBS scored by the two evaluators were 38±13.7 and 38.0±13.8, respectively. Weighted κ scores for the BBS items varied from 0.83 to 1.0. ICC for the BBS's sum score was 0.99, and the MDC was 2.7% and 7%, respectively. The Cronbach's α of the BBS's sum score was 0.9. The ICC of the CST and 6 m walking test was 1 and 0.97, respectively. The MDC on the 6 m walking test was 0.08% and 15.2%, respectively.
conclusionsThe results reveal an excellent relative inter-rater reliability of the BBS, CST and 6 m walking test as well as high internal consistency for the BBS in a population of nursing home residents with mild-to-moderate dementia. The absolute reliability was 2.7 on the BBS and 0.08 on the 6 m walking test.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.