ReviewVaccines2015
M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pentameric M2e influenza vaccine candidate generates strong immunity with limited survival benefit.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Anisotropic Gold Nanoconjugates Bearing Immunoinformatically Designed T-Cell Epitope-Containing Peptides: Comparative Evaluation in THP-1 and Human Primary Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Non-neutralizing antibodies to influenza A matrix-protein-2-ectodomain are broadly effective therapeutics and resistant to viral escape mutations.Science advances · 2025Article
- Bivalent Oral Vaccine Using AttenuatedVaccines · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of Matrix Protein 2 Ectodomain (M2e) Displayed on Nodavirus-like Particles as Avian Influenza Vaccine for Poultry.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Evaluation of cylindrical micelles assembled from amphiphilic β-peptides as antigen delivery nanostructures.Nanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Influenza 5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers broad immunity and significantly enhances the efficacy of inactivated split vaccination when coadministered.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- A vaccine platform targeting lung-resident memory CD4Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- Chimeric Virus-like Particles of Physalis Mottle Virus as Carriers of M2e Peptides of Influenza a Virus.Viruses · 2024Article
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An effective vaccine against influenza A virus based on the matrix protein 2 (M2).Veterinary microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- COBRA Hemagglutinin and cGAMP Loaded Ace-DEX Microparticles Provide a Broadly Active and Shelf-Stable Influenza Vaccine Platform.Advanced therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Zinc Carnosine Metal-Organic Coordination Polymer as a Potent Broadly Active Influenza Vaccine Platform with In Vitro Shelf-Stability.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immunity Elicited by Microneedle Delivery of Influenza Ectodomain Matrix Protein 2 Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Plant-Produced Nanoparticles Based on Artificial Self-Assembling Peptide Bearing the Influenza M2e Epitope.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The successful isolation of a human influenza virus in 1933 was soon followed by the first attempts to develop an influenza vaccine. Nowadays, vaccination is still the most effective method to prevent human influenza disease. However, licensed influenza vaccines offer protection against antigenically matching viruses, and the composition of these vaccines needs to be updated nearly every year. Vaccines that target conserved epitopes of influenza viruses would in principle not require such updating and would probably have a considerable positive impact on global human health in case of a pandemic outbreak. The extracellular domain of Matrix 2 (M2e) protein is an evolutionarily conserved region in influenza A viruses and a promising epitope for designing a universal influenza vaccine. Here we review the seminal and recent studies that focused on M2e as a vaccine antigen. We address the mechanism of action and the clinical development of M2e-vaccines. Finally, we try to foresee how M2e-based vaccines could be implemented clinically in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.