ArticleCell reports2015
Krüppel Expression Levels Are Maintained through Compensatory Evolution of Shadow Enhancers.
Article in Cell reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome architecture shapes the evolutionary origins of redundant enhancers in fly and mouse.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Redundant and Singular Regulatory Elements Underlie the Rapidly Evolving Pigmentation of Drosophila.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Deep learning-based high-resolution time inference for deciphering dynamic gene regulation from fixed embryos.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Two coacting shadow enhancers regulate twin of eyeless expression during early Drosophila development.Genetics · 2025Article
- Cis-Regulatory Elements in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Three-dimensional genome structure and function.MedComm · 2023Review
- Transcriptional activators in the early Drosophila embryo perform different kinetic roles.Cell systems · 2023Article
- Article
- Sex-specific evolution of a Drosophila sensory system via interacting cis- and trans-regulatory changes.Evolution & development · 2022Article
- Review
- Molecular competition can shape enhancer activity in theiScience · 2021Article
- The neuroblast timer gene nubbin exhibits functional redundancy with gap genes to regulate segment identity in Tribolium.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2021Article
- Annotating the Insect Regulatory Genome.Insects · 2021Review
- Enhancer redundancy in development and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2021Review
- Transcriptional Enhancers inGenetics · 2020Review
- Shadow enhancers can suppress input transcription factor noise through distinct regulatory logic.eLife · 2020Article
- Loss-of-function tolerance of enhancers in the human genome.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- On the specificity of gene regulatory networks: How does network co-option affect subsequent evolution?Current topics in developmental biology · 2020Review
- An in silico analysis of robust but fragile gene regulation links enhancer length to robustness.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many developmental genes are controlled by shadow enhancers—pairs of enhancers that drive overlapping expression patterns. We hypothesized that compensatory evolution can maintain the total expression of a gene, while individual shadow enhancers diverge between species. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression driven by orthologous pairs of shadow enhancers from Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila yakuba, and Drosophila pseudoobscura that control expression of Krüppel, a transcription factor that patterns the anterior-posterior axis of blastoderm embryos. We found that the expression driven by the pair of enhancers is conserved between these three species, but expression levels driven by the individual enhancers are not. Using sequence analysis and experimental perturbation, we show that each shadow enhancer is regulated by different transcription factors. These results support the hypothesis that compensatory evolution can occur between shadow enhancers, which has implications for mechanistic and evolutionary studies of gene regulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.