ArticleNature immunology2015
Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA.
Article in Nature immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic phosphorylation of cGAS by DNA-PKcs and PPP1CC balances DNA repair and innate immunity.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Geometry-Programmable Living Immunomaterials for Spatial Control of Innate Immune Signaling.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Synergistic Remodeling of Tumor Immune Microenvironment via a DNA Nanodevice Integrating STING Activation and Lysosome-Targeted PD-L1 Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Polyamine sequestration of 2'3'-cGAMP constrains intercellular transmission and STING engagement to subvert antitumor immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting RNase H2: A dual-mechanism strategy to elevate replication stress, DNA damage, and antitumor immunity in TNBC.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Integrative Analyses Identify a cGAS-STING Pathway-Driven Signature With Context-Dependent Roles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- STING agonists as antiviral agents.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Chromosomal instability shapes the tumor microenvironment of esophageal adenocarcinoma via a cGAS-chemokine-myeloid axis.Science advances · 2026Article
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- PCBP1 binding to single-stranded poly-cytosine motifs enhances cGAS sensing and impairs breast cancer development.Communications biology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 derived oligonucleotides induce a type I IFN/STING dependent immune suppression reversible by targeting IFNARI.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in NCM460 intestinal epithelial cells induces antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection in macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Activation and regulation of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer cells.Molecular cell · 2025Review
- Nucleic Acid Diversity in cGAS-STING Pathway Activation and Immune Dysregulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- cGAS, an innate dsDNA sensor with multifaceted functions.Cell insight · 2025Review
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Is cGAS-STING Pathway Targeting the Key to Chemoprevention?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing as driver of critical illness: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA that emerges during infection with a retrovirus or DNA virus triggers antiviral type I interferon responses. So far, only double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) over 40 base pairs (bp) in length has been considered immunostimulatory. Here we found that unpaired DNA nucleotides flanking short base-paired DNA stretches, as in stem-loop structures of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), activated the type I interferon-inducing DNA sensor cGAS in a sequence-dependent manner. DNA structures containing unpaired guanosines flanking short (12- to 20-bp) dsDNA (Y-form DNA) were highly stimulatory and specifically enhanced the enzymatic activity of cGAS. Furthermore, we found that primary HIV-1 reverse transcripts represented the predominant viral cytosolic DNA species during early infection of macrophages and that these ssDNAs were highly immunostimulatory. Collectively, our study identifies unpaired guanosines in Y-form DNA as a highly active, minimal cGAS recognition motif that enables detection of HIV-1 ssDNA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.