Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26343387›Full record

SynthesisNature genetics2015

A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease.

Majid Nikpay, Anuj Goel, Hong-Hee Won, Leanne M Hall, Christina Willenborg, Stavroula Kanoni, Danish Saleheen, Theodosios Kyriakou, Christopher P Nelson, Jemma C Hopewell and 141 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nature genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,487 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,487citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04331535 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Polygenic Risk Scoring for Common Diseases in Primary Care

TypeinterventionalSponsorBoston VA Research Institute, Inc.Ran2020 to 2025Enrolled1,076ConditionsCoronary Artery Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, Type 2 Diabetes, Colorectal CancerArmsPolygenic risk score (PRS)
NCT04513054 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Is There a Genetic Predisposition for Acute Stress-induced (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy: The GENETIC Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of AberdeenRan2019 to 2028Enrolled700ConditionsTakotsubo CardiomyopathyArmsBlood collection for genetic analysis
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,487 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Genetic architectures of brain-related traits are shaped by strong selective constraints.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Genetics-Informed Mapping Identifies a CRIM1-Associated Endocardial Inflammatory Remodeling State in Acute Myocardial Infarction.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article

1,427 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

151 authors.

Majid Nikpay *Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
Anuj Goel *Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hong-Hee Won *Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Leanne M Hall *Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Christina Willenborg *Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Stavroula Kanoni *William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Danish Saleheen *Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Theodosios KyriakouDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christopher P NelsonDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Jemma C HopewellCTSU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thomas R WebbDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Lingyao ZengDeutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Abbas DehghanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Maris AlverEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Sebastian M ArmasuDivision of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Kirsi AuroDepartment of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Andrew BjonnesBroad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Daniel I ChasmanDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shufeng ChenState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Ian FordRobertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Nora FranceschiniDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Christian GiegerDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany.
Christopher GraceDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Stefan GustafssonMolecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Jie HuangWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Shih-Jen HwangNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
Yun Kyoung KimCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
Marcus E KleberVth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
King Wai LauCTSU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Xiangfeng LuState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yingchang LuThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Leo-Pekka LyytikäinenDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Alanna C MorrisonHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Natalia PervjakovaEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Liming QuDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lynda M RoseDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Elias SalfatiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Richa SaxenaBroad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Markus ScholzInstitute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Albert V SmithIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Emmi TikkanenDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Andre UitterlindenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Xueli YangState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Weihua ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Wei ZhaoPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mariza de AndradeDivision of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Paul S de VriesDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Natalie R van ZuydamWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sonia S AnandPopulation Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Lars BertramPlatform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Frank BeutnerLIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.
George DedoussisDepartment of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Philippe FrossardCenter for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Dominique GauguierINSERM, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
Alison H GoodallNIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Omri GottesmanThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Marc HaberLebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
Bok-Ghee HanCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
Jianfeng HuangHypertension Division, Fuwai Hospital, National Center For Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Shapour JalilzadehDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thorsten KesslerDeutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Inke R KönigDZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.
Lars LannfeltDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Wolfgang LiebInstitut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Cecilia M LindgrenWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Marja-Liisa LokkiTransplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Patrik K MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nadeem H MallickPunjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Narinder MehraAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Thomas MeitingerDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany.
Fazal-Ur-Rehman MemonRed Crescent Institute of Cardiology, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Andrew P MorrisWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Markku S NieminenDepartment of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Annette PetersDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany.
Loukianos S RallidisSecond Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Asif RasheedCenter for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Maria SamuelCenter for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Svati H ShahDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Juha SinisaloDepartment of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Kathleen E StirrupsWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Stella TrompetDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Laiyuan WangState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Khan S ZamanNational Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Diego ArdissinoDivision of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Eric BoerwinkleHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Ingrid B BoreckiDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Erwin P BottingerThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Julie E BuringDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
John C ChambersDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Rory CollinsCTSU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
L Adrienne CupplesNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
John DaneshWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Ilja DemuthThe Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Roberto ElosuaGrupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
Stephen E EpsteinMedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Tõnu EskoBroad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Mary F FeitosaDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Maria Grazia FranzosiDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
Christopher B GrangerDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Dongfeng GuState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Vilmundur GudnasonIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Alistair S HallLeeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Anders HamstenCardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tamara B HarrisLaboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Stanley L HazenCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Christian HengstenbergDeutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Erik IngelssonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Carlos IribarrenKaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
J Wouter JukemaDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Pekka J KarhunenDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
Bong-Jo KimCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
Jaspal S KoonerDepartment of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK.
Iftikhar J KulloDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
Ruth J F LoosThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Olle MelanderDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Winfried MärzVth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Colin N PalmerMedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Markus PerolaEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Thomas QuertermousDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Daniel J RaderDepartment of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Paul M RidkerDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Samuli RipattiWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Robert RobertsUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Dharambir K SangheraDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Stephen M SchwartzPublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Udo SeedorfDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Alexandre F StewartRuddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
David J StottInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Joachim ThieryLIFE Research Center of Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.
Pierre A ZallouaLebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
Christopher J O'DonnellNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
Muredach P ReillyCardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Themistocles L AssimesDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
John R ThompsonDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Jeanette ErdmannInstitut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Robert ClarkeCTSU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hugh WatkinsDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sekar KathiresanBroad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ruth McPhersonRuddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
Panos DeloukasWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Heribert SchunkertDeutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Nilesh J SamaniDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Martin FarrallDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Using genetic variation to study biology of blood lipids & coronary heart diseaseR01HL127564 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Pradeep Natarajan, Gina Marie Peloso · 2015 to 2026
$7.3M
Genetic Architecture of Adiposity in Multiple Large CohortsR01DK089256 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BARANSKI, THOMAS JOHN, LIU, CHING-TI · 2010 to 2016
$4.6M
The Women's Health Study: Infrastructure Support for Continued Cohort Follow-upUM1CA182913 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E., LEE, I-MIN · 2014 to 2018
$4.0M
Probing The Dark Matter of the Genome in the NHLBI Family Heart StudyR01HL117078 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI PROVINCE, MICHAEL A. · 2013 to 2016
$3.0M
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance Associated LociR01DK107437 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI QUERTERMOUS, THOMAS · 2016 to 2019
$2.2M
Identification of causal coronary heart disease variation in smooth muscle cellsR33HL120757 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI QUERTERMOUS, THOMAS · 2016 to 2018
$1.6M
British Heart Foundation FS/14/55/30806British Heart Foundation RE/13/1/30181British Heart Foundation RG/08/014/24067British Heart Foundation RG/14/5/30893Medical Research Council MR/L003120/1Medical Research Council MR/L01629X/1NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182913NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117078NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL127564NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL120757NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK089256NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK107437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Existing knowledge of genetic variants affecting risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is largely based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of common SNPs. Leveraging phased haplotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project, we report a GWAS meta-analysis of ∼185,000 CAD cases and controls, interrogating 6.7 million common (minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05) and 2.7 million low-frequency (0.005 < MAF < 0.05) variants. In addition to confirming most known CAD-associated loci, we identified ten new loci (eight additive and two recessive) that contain candidate causal genes newly implicating biological processes in vessel walls. We observed intralocus allelic heterogeneity but little evidence of low-frequency variants with larger effects and no evidence of synthetic association. Our analysis provides a comprehensive survey of the fine genetic architecture of CAD, showing that genetic susceptibility to this common disease is largely determined by common SNPs of small effect size.

Indexed as

Genome, HumanGenome-Wide Association StudyCoronary Artery DiseaseHumansPhenotype

Identifiers

PMID26343387
PMCPMC4589895

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.