ArticleOncotarget2015
Helios, and not FoxP3, is the marker of activated Tregs expressing GARP/LAP.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoints in Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Immunophenotyping of Human Regulatory T-Cells from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Generation of functional canine TIL products for solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Oral tolerogenic vaccine combined with gastrin restores immune tolerance and beta-cell function in NOD mice with Type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Opportunities and challenges harnessing antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Simultaneous Epigenetic and Gene Expression Profiling at Single Cell Resolution Uncovers Stem-Like Treg Subsets Induced With Oligonucleotide Expansion in Humans.Immune network · 2024Article
- Defining Human Regulatory T Cells beyond FOXP3: The Need to Combine Phenotype with Function.Cells · 2024Review
- Beyond Immune Balance: The Pivotal Role of Decidual Regulatory T Cells in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- A tryptophan metabolite made by a gut microbiome eukaryote induces pro-inflammatory T cells.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between microbiome, regulatory T cells and HCA2 orchestrates the inflammatory response in a murine psoriasis model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The small molecule inhibitor BX-795 uncouples IL-2 production from inhibition of Th2 inflammation and induces CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation: Extinguishing a blaze of T cells.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Article
- Associations of different immune checkpoints-expressing CD4BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Zbtb20 identifies and controls a thymus-derived population of regulatory T cells that play a role in intestinal homeostasis.Science immunology · 2022Article
- Correlations between Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating CD4Vaccines · 2022Article
- Interleukin-27 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in ApoEMediators of inflammation · 2022Article
- GARP as a Therapeutic Target for the Modulation of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Modulating immune responses to AAV by expanded polyclonal T-regs and capsid specific chimeric antigen receptor T-regulatory cells.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2021Article
- Helios serves as a suppression marker to reduce regulatory T cell function in pancreatic cancer patients.Immunologic research · 2021Observational
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players of immune regulation/dysregulation both in physiological and pathophysiological settings. Despite significant advances in understanding Treg function, there is still a pressing need to define reliable and specific markers that can distinguish different Treg subpopulations. Herein we show for the first time that markers of activated Tregs [latency associated peptide (LAP) and glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP, or LRRC32)] are expressed on CD4+FoxP3- T cells expressing Helios (FoxP3-Helios+) in the steady state. Following TCR activation, GARP/LAP are up-regulated on CD4+Helios+ T cells regardless of FoxP3 expression (FoxP3+/-Helios+). We show that CD4+GARP+/-LAP+ Tregs make IL-10 immunosuppressive cytokine but not IFN-γ effector cytokine. Further characterization of FoxP3/Helios subpopulations showed that FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs proliferate in vitro significantly less than FoxP3+Helios- Tregs upon TCR stimulation. Unlike FoxP3+Helios- Tregs, FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs secrete IL-10 but not IFN-γ or IL-2, confirming they are bona fide Tregs with immunosuppressive characteristics. Taken together, Helios, and not FoxP3, is the marker of activated Tregs expressing GARP/LAP, and FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs have more suppressive characteristics, compared with FoxP3+Helios- Tregs. Our work implies that therapeutic modalities for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, allergies and graft rejection should be designed to induce and/or expand FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs, while therapies against cancers or infectious diseases should avoid such expansion/induction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.