ReviewVaccines2015
CpG Oligonucleotides as Cancer Vaccine Adjuvants.
Review in Vaccines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Metal-organic framework nanovaccines for systemic tumour regression.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- CpG oligodeoxynucleotide reduces PrPMolecules and cells · 2026Article
- Clinical Translation of Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Intracellular Hyperthermia and Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Protein-directed nucleotide selection in the DRT3 defense system: mechanism, biological context, and constraints on programmability.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Augmented immunogenicity of the HPV16 DNA vaccine via dual adjuvant approach: integration of CpG ODN into plasmid backbone and co-administration with IL-28B gene adjuvant.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Rational Design and In Silico Evaluation of a Multiepitope Vaccine Targeting the uPAR for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Role of Biofunctionalized Nanoparticles in Digestive Cancer Vaccine Development.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A novel CpG ODN compound adjuvant enhances immune response to spike subunit vaccines of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display.Biomaterials science · 2023Article
- Effect of oligonucleotide MT01 delivered by N-isopropylacrylamide modified polyethyleneimine for bone regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Antitumor efficacy of multi-targetJournal of biomedical research · 2022Article
- Post-genomic platform for development of oligonucleotide vaccines against RNA viruses: diamond cuts diamond.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Article
- Multiepitope supramolecular peptide nanofibers eliciting coordinated humoral and cellular antitumor immune responses.Science advances · 2022Article
- The Immunomodulatory Functions of Various CpG Oligodeoxynucleotideson CEF Cells and HVaccines · 2022Article
- Design of a Novel Recombinant Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Triple-Negative Breast CancerIranian biomedical journal · 2022Article
- Antitumor Immunity from Abdominal Flap-Embedded Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants improve host responsiveness to co-delivered vaccines through a variety of mechanisms. Agents that trigger cells expressing Toll-like receptors (TLR) activate an innate immune response that enhances the induction of vaccine-specific immunity. When administered in combination with vaccines designed to prevent or slow tumor growth, TLR agonists have significantly improved the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, vaccines containing TLR agonists have rarely been able to eliminate large established tumors when administered systemically. To improve efficacy, attention has focused on delivering TLR agonists intra-tumorally with the intent of altering the tumor microenvironment. Agonists targeting TLRs 7/8 or 9 can reduce the frequency of Tregs while causing immunosuppressive MDSC in the tumor bed to differentiate into tumoricidal macrophages thereby enhancing tumor elimination. This work reviews pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning the utility of TLR 7/8/9 agonists as adjuvants for tumor vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.