ReviewVaccines2015
Influenza Vaccination Strategies: Comparing Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of immune challenge on expression of life-history and immune trait expression in sexually reproducing metazoans-a meta-analysis.BMC biology · 2020Pooled it
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Trial
- The impact of influenza vaccination on the clinical severity of influenza among children aged 6 months to 6 years living in the community: a prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- The Shifting Core: Antigenic Variability of the Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein Despite Evolutionary Conservation.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Sulfur-containing class of broad-spectrum antivirals improves influenza virus vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Replication in human cells supersedes serum antigenic match for the in vivo efficacy of an A/H1N1pdm09 LAIV virus.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- LAIV Mutations Selectively Alter Influenza Viral RNA Polymerase Function, Favoring Transcription over Genome Synthesis.Viruses · 2025Article
- Review
- Integrative mapping of preexisting influenza immune landscapes predicts vaccine response.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Non-neutralizing antibodies to influenza A matrix-protein-2-ectodomain are broadly effective therapeutics and resistant to viral escape mutations.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Influenza Virus: Global Health Impact, Strategies, Challenges, Role of Nanotechnolgy in Influenza Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Review
- Observational
- Intranasal M2SR (M2-Deficient Single Replication) Influenza Vaccine Induces Broadly Reactive Mucosal Antibody Production in Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza is a major respiratory pathogen causing annual outbreaks and occasional pandemics. Influenza vaccination is the major method of prophylaxis. Currently annual influenza vaccination is recommended for groups at high risk of complications from influenza infection such as pregnant women, young children, people with underlying disease and the elderly, along with occupational groups such a healthcare workers and farm workers. There are two main types of vaccines available: the parenteral inactivated influenza vaccine and the intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine. The inactivated vaccines are licensed from 6 months of age and have been used for more than 50 years with a good safety profile. Inactivated vaccines are standardized according to the presence of the viral major surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin and protection is mediated by the induction of vaccine strain specific antibody responses. In contrast, the live attenuated vaccines are licensed in Europe for children from 2-17 years of age and provide a multifaceted immune response with local and systemic antibody and T cell responses but with no clear correlate of protection. Here we discuss the immunological immune responses elicited by the two vaccines and discuss future work to better define correlates of protection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.