ReviewVaccines2015
Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges.
Review in Vaccines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal serological response to SARS-CoV-2 among Rohingya refugees in cox's bazar, Bangladesh: implications for pandemic preparedness in humanitarian settings.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- UnveilingiScience · 2025Article
- Study on the T-Cell Immune Response in Individuals With HIV and Toxoplasmosis Using ELISPOT.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The role of cell-mediated immunity against influenza and its implications for vaccine evaluation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- A batch-effect adjusted Simon's two-stage design for cancer vaccine clinical studies.Biometrics · 2021Article
- Oncogenic role of Tc17 cells in cervical cancer development.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Application of an immunoglobulin Y-alkaline phosphatase bioconjugate as a diagnostic tool for influenza A virus.Bioengineered · 2019Article
- The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Highly conserved hemagglutinin peptides of H1N1 influenza virus elicit immune response.3 Biotech · 2018Article
- Combined use of live-attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines to enhance heterosubtypic protection.Virology · 2018Article
- Activation-induced Markers Detect Vaccine-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Responses Not Measured by Assays Conventionally Used in Clinical Trials.Vaccines · 2018Article
- Review
- Review
- The establishment of surrogates and correlates of protection: Useful tools for the licensure of effective influenza vaccines?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Article
- Review
- Sterilizing immunity to influenza virus infection requires local antigen-specific T cell response in the lungs.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen which causes both seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics; infection continues to be a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines principally stimulate humoral immune responses that are largely directed towards the variant surface antigens of influenza. Vaccination can result in an effective, albeit strain-specific antibody response and there is a need for vaccines that can provide superior, long-lasting immunity to influenza. Vaccination approaches targeting conserved viral antigens have the potential to provide broadly cross-reactive, heterosubtypic immunity to diverse influenza viruses. However, the field lacks consensus on the correlates of protection for cellular immunity in reducing severe influenza infection, transmission or disease outcome. Furthermore, unlike serological methods such as the standardized haemagglutination inhibition assay, there remains a large degree of variation in both the types of assays and method of reporting cellular outputs. T-cell directed immunity has long been known to play a role in ameliorating the severity and/or duration of influenza infection, but the precise phenotype, magnitude and longevity of the requisite protective response is unclear. In order to progress the development of universal influenza vaccines, it is critical to standardize assays across sites to facilitate direct comparisons between clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.