ArticleAging2015
Metabolic profiling distinguishes three subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Aging, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observed Improvement in Cognition During a Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in People with Cognitive Decline.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Trial
- Short-Term Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Following a Precision Medicine Intervention.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- ReduXis: A Comprehensive Framework for Robust Event-Based Modeling and Profiling of High-Dimensional Biomedical Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ramp Sequence May Explain Synonymous Variant Association with Alzheimer's Disease in the Paired Immunoglobulin-like Type 2 Receptor Alpha (PILRA).Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Ramp sequence may explain synonymous variant association with Alzheimer's disease in the Paired Immunoglobulin-like Type 2 Receptor Alpha (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Outcome-guided Bayesian clustering for disease subtype discovery using high-dimensional transcriptomic data.Journal of applied statistics · 2025Article
- Relationship between Plasma Lipid Profile and Cognitive Status in Early Alzheimer Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Neurotrophin growth factors and their receptors as promising blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: a gene expression analysis study.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Brazilian green propolis prevent Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment induced by amyloid beta in mice.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Information-incorporated sparse convex clustering for disease subtyping.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Classification and deep-learning-based prediction of Alzheimer disease subtypes by using genomic data.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association between dietary zinc intake andFrontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Implications.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Selective Vulnerability of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System and its Role in Modulation of Neuroinflammation, Cognition, and Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Review
- ReCODE: A Personalized, Targeted, Multi-Factorial Therapeutic Program for Reversal of Cognitive Decline.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Unsupervised Machine Learning to Identify Separable Clinical Alzheimer's Disease Sub-Populations.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Omics Data and Their Integrative Analysis to Support Stratified Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and density functional theory study of some novel 4-[(benzo[Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease is incompletely defined, and no truly effective therapy exists. However, multiple studies have implicated metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hormonal deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Optimizing metabolic parameters in a comprehensive way has yielded cognitive improvement, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, expanding the standard laboratory evaluation in patients with dementia may be revealing. Here I report that metabolic profiling reveals three Alzheimer's disease subtypes. The first is inflammatory, in which markers such as hs-CRP and globulin:albumin ratio are increased. The second type is non-inflammatory, in which these markers are not increased, but other metabolic abnormalities are present. The third type is a very distinctive clinical entity that affects relatively young individuals, extends beyond the typical Alzheimer's disease initial distribution to affect the cortex widely, is characterized by early non-amnestic features such as dyscalculia and aphasia, is often misdiagnosed or labeled atypical Alzheimer's disease, typically affects ApoE4-negative individuals, and is associated with striking zinc deficiency. Given the involvement of zinc in multiple Alzheimer's-related metabolic processes, such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, ADAM10 proteolytic activity, and hormonal signaling, this syndrome of Alzheimer's-plus with low zinc (APLZ) warrants further metabolic, genetic, and epigenetic characterization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.