ArticleClinical oral investigations2016
Chemokine expression of oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells in response to artificial saliva.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salicin alleviates periodontitis via Tas2r143/gustducin signaling in fibroblasts.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effects of the Saliva of Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Invisalign and Brackets on Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Oral Epithelial Cells.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Heartwood ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Human oral mucosa cell atlas reveals a stromal-neutrophil axis regulating tissue immunity.Cell · 2021Article
- Effects of Saliva From Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Subjects on Barrier Function and the Inflammatory Response inFrontiers in oral health · 2021Article
- Inhibitory effect of saliva on osteoclastogenesis in vitro requires toll-like receptor 4 signaling.Clinical oral investigations · 2017Article
- Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Accomplices for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia decreases pulmonary clearance ofAmerican journal of translational research · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesArtificial saliva is widely used to overcome reduced natural salivary flow. Natural saliva provokes the expression of chemokines in oral fibroblasts in vitro. However, if artificial saliva changes the expression of chemokines remains unknown. MATERIALS AND
methodsHere, we investigated the ability of Saliva Orthana®, Aldiamed®, Glandosane®, and Saliva Natura® to change the expression of chemokines in human oral fibroblasts and the human oral epithelial cell line HSC-2 by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands and recombinant human mucin 1 were included in the bioassay. Formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining determined the impact of artificial saliva on cell viability. The involvement of signaling pathways was determined by pharmacologic inhibitors and Western blotting.
resultsIn gingival fibroblasts, Saliva Orthana®-containing mucins provoked a significantly increased expression of CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8, or interleukin 8), CXCL1, and CXCL2. Immunoassays for CXCL8 and CXCL1 confirmed the translation at the protein level. The respective dilution of artificial saliva had no impact on formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands also increased the panel of chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, but also TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 signaling, blocked chemokine expression of Saliva Orthana® and bovine mucins. In HSC-2 cells, Glandosane® significantly increased CXCL8 expression.
conclusionsSaliva Orthana® stimulated chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. Mammalian mucins, but also possible contaminations with endotoxins, might contribute to the respective changes in gene expression. Epithelial cells have a differential response to artificial saliva with Glandosane® changing CXCL8 expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Artificial saliva can incite a cellular response, if however the changing expression of chemokines by isolated fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro translates into a clinical condition, is not clear.
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