ArticleJournal of dental research2015
Chondrocytes Directly Transform into Bone Cells in Mandibular Condyle Growth.
Article in Journal of dental research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Dietary Loading on Chondrocytes Transdifferentiation During Postnatal Maxillary Growth.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Article
- Reduced cartilage matrix stiffness in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis impairs the functions of superficial zone chondrocytes via downregulation of CREB5-PLPP3 signaling.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Development and Diseases: A PTHrP-Centric View.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Review
- FAM20B-Catalyzed Glycosylation Regulates the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of the Embryonic Condyle by Controlling IHH Diffusion and Release.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- TFRC Ablation Induces Insufficient Cartilage Development Through Mitochondrial p53 Translocation-Mediated Ferroptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to a Human Relevant Mixture of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Affects Mandibular Development in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Contribution of Meckel's Cartilage-Derived Type II Collagen-Positive Cells to the Jawbone Development and Repair.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2024Article
- Growth deficiency in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome 2 bears mechanistic similarities to Kabuki syndrome 1.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- The effects of dietary loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2024Article
- A commoneLife · 2024Article
- Bulk RNA-seq analyses of mandibular condylar cartilage in a post-traumatic TMJ osteoarthritis rabbit model.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2023Article
- Short-term effects of mechanical loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2023Article
- Identification of distinct subpopulations of Gli1-lineage cells in the mouse mandible.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Zonal interdependence in the temporomandibular joint cartilage.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- An Overview of Clinical Conditions and a Systematic Review of Personalized TMJ Replacement.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- The adaptive response of the mandibular condyle to increased load is disrupted by ADAMTS5 deficiency.Connective tissue research · 2023Article
- Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure.Evolution & development · 2023Review
- Tendon Cells Root Into (Instead of Attach to) Humeral Bone Head via Fibrocartilage-Enthesis.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
For decades, it has been widely accepted that hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo apoptosis prior to endochondral bone formation. However, very recent studies in long bone suggest that chondrocytes can directly transform into bone cells. Our initial in vivo characterization of condylar hypertrophic chondrocytes revealed modest numbers of apoptotic cells but high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression, some dividing cells, and clear alkaline phosphatase activity (early bone marker). Ex vivo culture of newborn condylar cartilage on a chick chorioallantoic membrane showed that after 5 d the cells on the periphery of the explants had begun to express Col1 (bone marker). The cartilage-specific cell lineage-tracing approach in triple mice containing Rosa 26(tdTomato) (tracing marker), 2.3 Col1(GFP) (bone cell marker), and aggrecan Cre(ERT2) (onetime tamoxifen induced) or Col10-Cre (activated from E14.5 throughout adult stage) demonstrated the direct transformation of chondrocytes into bone cells in vivo. This transformation was initiated at the inferior portion of the condylar cartilage, in contrast to the initial ossification site in long bone, which is in the center. Quantitative data from the Col10-Cre compound mice showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes contributed to ~80% of bone cells in subchondral bone, ~70% in a somewhat more inferior region, and ~40% in the most inferior part of the condylar neck (n = 4, P < 0.01 for differences among regions). This multipronged approach clearly demonstrates that a majority of chondrocytes in the fibrocartilaginous condylar cartilage, similar to hyaline cartilage in long bones, directly transform into bone cells during endochondral bone formation. Moreover, ossification is initiated from the inferior portion of mandibular condylar cartilage with expansion in one direction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.