ReviewPrimates; journal of primatology2015
Mirror self-recognition: a review and critique of attempts to promote and engineer self-recognition in primates.
Review in Primates; journal of primatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Steps forward to synthetic consciousness measurement.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Mirror-induced origination process of human self-consciousness-restructuring consciousness-based cognitive theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Conscious birds.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Insights From Language-Trained Apes: Brain Network Plasticity and Communication.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Review
- Snapshots: most-cited Primates papers by decade (1950s-2020s).Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Wild recognition: conducting the mark test for mirror self-recognition on wild baboons.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Cats are (almost) liquid!-Cats selectively rely on body size awareness when negotiating short openings.iScience · 2024Article
- Cleaner fish with mirror self-recognition capacity precisely realize their body size based on their mental image.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Olfactory self-recognition in two species of snake.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- How to grow a self: development of self-representation in the Bayesian brain.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Inner Lives of Cephalopods.Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Article
- Mirror self-recognition in ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata).Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Revisiting the mark test for mirror self-recognition.Primates; journal of primatology · 2023Article
- The Self Course: Lessons Learned from Students' Weekly Questions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Six adult male rhesus monkeys did not learn from the choices of a conspecific shown in videos.Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Mirror stimulation in Eurasian jays (PeerJ · 2023Article
- Recent developments in parrot cognition: a quadrennial update.Animal cognition · 2023Review
- A comparative study of mirror self-recognition in three corvid species.Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Editorial: Self in the space-time continuum: from basic perception to complex social cognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Roosters do not warn the bird in the mirror: The cognitive ecology of mirror self-recognition.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We review research on reactions to mirrors and self-recognition in nonhuman primates, focusing on methodological issues. Starting with the initial demonstration in chimpanzees in 1970 and subsequent attempts to extend this to other species, self-recognition in great apes is discussed with emphasis on spontaneous manifestations of mirror-guided self-exploration as well as spontaneous use of the mirror to investigate foreign marks on otherwise nonvisible body parts-the mark test. Attempts to show self-recognition in other primates are examined with particular reference to the lack of convincing examples of spontaneous mirror-guided self-exploration, and efforts to engineer positive mark test responses by modifying the test or using conditioning techniques. Despite intensive efforts to demonstrate self-recognition in other primates, we conclude that to date there is no compelling evidence that prosimians, monkeys, or lesser apes-gibbons and siamangs-are capable of mirror self-recognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.