ArticleOphthalmology2015
Ocular Complications in Children with Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents.Pediatric diabetes · 2018Guideline
- Influence of chronic hyperglycemia on corneal endothelium structural integrity with emphasis on hexagonality.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Cataracts as the presenting symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Building capacity: paediatric vision screening in elementary schools.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Article
- Recommended practices for vision screening in pre-school-age children: A 2025 update.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Review
- Ocular findings in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Cataracts in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pediatric Ophthalmic Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Retinal Perfusion Analysis of Children with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Analyzing the changing trend of corneal biomechanical properties under different influencing factors in T2DM patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy, Its Progression and Regression in Indian Children and Youth With Type-1 Diabetes.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2024Article
- Current Approach to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Causal Relationships Between Glycemic Traits and Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Ocular Changes in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Health Facilities in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Screening for diabetic retinopathy with fluorescein angiography in patients with type 1 diabetes from adolescence to adult life. A retrospective study of the past 30 years of clinical practice in a tertiary Belgian centre.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Article
- Risk factors for having diabetic retinopathy at first screening in persons with type 1 diabetes diagnosed under 18 years of age.Eye (London, England) · 2021Article
- Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy Among Young Patients With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes-Occurrence and Screening Using Optical Coherence Tomography.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Gender-Specific Risk Factors for the Development of Retinal Changes in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe effectiveness of annual eye examinations in diabetic children is unclear. We sought to determine the prevalence and onset of ocular pathology in children with diabetes mellitus (DM), identify risk factors for ocular disease, and recommend a screening regimen for asymptomatic children.
designRetrospective, consecutive cohort study.
participantsChildren aged less than 18 years with type 1 or 2 DM examined over a 4-year period.
methodsAll children underwent a complete eye examination, including dilated fundoscopy and cycloplegic refraction. A literature review was performed, identifying the youngest reported age and shortest reported duration of DM before the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
main outcome measuresPrevalence of DR, cataract, high refractive error, and strabismus.
resultsA total of 370 children (mean age, 11.2 years; range, 1-17.5 years) had 693 examinations, with a mean DM duration of 5.2 years (range, 0.1-16.2 years) and a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 8.6 (range, 5-≥14). No children had DR. A total of 12 children had cataract; 5 required extraction but were identified by decreased vision, not diabetic screening. A total of 19 children had strabismus; only 1 was microvascular paralytic strabismus. A total of 41 children had high refractive error. There were no associations between these conditions and duration or control of DM. In the literature, the youngest age at diagnosis of severe DR was 15 years, and the shortest duration of disease was 5 years.
conclusionsDiabetic retinopathy is rare in children regardless of duration and control of DM. On the basis of our study and literature review, screening examinations for type 1 diabetes could begin at age 15 years or at 5 years after the diagnosis of DM, whichever occurs later, unless the child is judged by the endocrinologist as being at unusually high risk. Other ocular complications are identifiable through existing amblyopia screening methods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.