ReviewInternal and emergency medicine2015
The internist and the renal resistive index: truths and doubts.
Review in Internal and emergency medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03958851 (Measurement of Renal Artery Resistive Index as a Predictor of Severity of Lupus Nephritis and Its Response to Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Measurement of Renal Artery Resistive Index as a Predictor of Severity of Lupus Nephritis and Its Response to Treatment
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duplex Doppler Measurement of Renal Resistive Index in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Outpatients: A Proposed Standardized Protocol.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing Venous Congestion in Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: A Review of Splanchnic, Cardiac and Pulmonary Ultrasound: Part 1: Conventional B-Mode, Colordoppler, and Vexus Protocol.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Application of shear wave elastography in the assessment of renal cortical elasticity in patients with hypertension.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of Bridging Stent Graft Implantation into the Renal Artery during Complex Endovascular Aortic Procedures on the Renal Resistance Index.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Acute kidney injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery: predictive value of kidney arterial Doppler-based variables.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Renal perfusion improvement in the perioperative period after unilateral endovascular revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Renal hemodynamic evaluation protocol based on the pathophysiological mechanism of acute kidney injury: Critical Care UltraSound Guided-ARenal failure · 2023Review
- Research on the correlation between the renal resistive index, renal microvessel density, and fibrosis.Renal failure · 2023Article
- Evaluating feline lower urinary tract disease: Doppler ultrasound of the kidneys.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Renal Protection and Hemodynamic Improvement by ImpellaJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- What is new in hemodynamic monitoring and management?Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2022Review
- Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Enables the Detection of a Cold Pressor Test-Induced Increase in Renal Microcirculation in Healthy Participants.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Intra-Renal Stiffness in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
- Value of Doppler ultrasound in early detection of diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ultrasound (Leeds, England) · 2021Review
- Non-invasive Early Prediction of Septic Acute Kidney Injury by Doppler-Based Renal Resistive Indexes Combined With Echocardiographic Parameters: An Experimental Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Renal echography for predicting acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study.Renal failure · 2020Observational
- Clinical utility of ultrasonographic evaluation in acute kidney injury.Translational andrology and urology · 2020Article
- Comparison of renal arterial resistive index in type 2 diabetic nephropathy stage 0-4.European journal of translational myology · 2019Article
- Association between 24-hour diastolic blood pressure and renal function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Renal intraparenchymal resistive index: the ultrasonographic answer to many clinical questions.Journal of nephrology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The renal resistive index (RRI) is measured by Doppler sonography in an intrarenal artery, and is the difference between the peak systolic and end-diastolic blood velocities divided by the peak systolic velocity. The RRI is used for the study of vascular and renal parenchymal renal abnormalities, but growing evidence indicates that it is also a dynamic marker of systemic vascular properties. Renal vascular resistance is only one of several renal (vascular compliance, interstitial and venous pressure), and extrarenal (heart rate, aortic stiffness, pulse pressure) determinants that combine to determine the RRI values, and not the most important one. RRI cannot always be considered a specific marker of renal disease. To summarize from the literature: (1) hydronephrosis, abdominal hypertension, renal vein thrombosis and acute kidney injury are all associated with an acute increase in interstitial and venous pressure that determine RRI values. In all these conditions, RRI is a reliable marker of the severity of renal damage. (2) The hemodynamic impact of renal artery stenosis can be assayed by the RRI decrease in the homolateral kidney by virtue of decreasing pulse pressure. However, renal diseases that often coexist, increase renal vascular stiffness and hide the hemodynamic effect of renal stenosis. (3) In transplant kidney and in chronic renal disease, high RRI values (>0.80) can independently predict renal and clinical outcomes, but systemic (pulse pressure) rather than renal hemodynamic determinants sustain the predictive role of RRI. (4) Higher RRI detects target renal organ damage in hypertension and diabetes when renal function is still preserved, as a marker of systemic atherosclerotic burden. Is this the fact? We attempt to answer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.