ArticleEuropean neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology2015
Cognitive heterogeneity in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic analysis of neuropsychological measurements.
Article in European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Event-related brain oscillations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Pooled it
- A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of prefrontal cortex deep transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in adults with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder: A double blind, randomized clinical trial.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Trial
- The Development of an Embedded Figures Test for the Detection of Feigned Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Incidental and Intentional Object-Location Memory: The Effects of Stimulant Treatment on Adults with ADHD.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Extended Time on Exams for College Students and Applicants With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized, Counterbalanced Crossover and Within-Subject Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- The mosaic of experience: How individual differences in attention and working memory shape event segmentation.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Review
- A connectome-based neural correlate of pediatric ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Effect of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder on Working Memory in Young Adults With ADHD and the Mediating Role of the DLPFC.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Role of Cognitive Ability in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Weighted Coherence Analysis as a Window into the Neurophysiological Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differential neurocognitive profiles in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes revealed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Training of Awareness in ADHD: Leveraging Metacognition.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2024Article
- Verbal memory performance in adolescents and adults with ADHD.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Young Adult ADHD Symptoms in the General Population and Neurocognitive Impairment.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Article
- Childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms are associated with cognitive functioning at age 40-a cohort study on perinatal birth risks.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure and cognition at midlife: Evidence of fluid cognition deficits in two cohorts.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in childhood is associated with impaired functioning in multiple cognitive domains: executive functioning (EF), reward and timing. Similar impairments have been described for adults with persistent ADHD, but an extensive investigation of neuropsychological functioning in a large sample of adult patients is currently lacking. We systematically examined neuropsychological performance on tasks measuring EF, delay discounting, time estimation and response variability using univariate ANCOVA's comparing patients with persistent ADHD (N=133, 42% male, mean age 36) and healthy adults (N=132, 40% male, mean age 36). In addition, we tested which combination of variables provided the highest accuracy in predicting ADHD diagnosis. We also estimated for each individual the severity of neuropsychological dysfunctioning. Lastly, we investigated potential effects of stimulant medication and a history of comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) on performance. Compared to healthy adults, patients with ADHD showed impaired EF, were more impulsive, and more variable in responding. However, effect sizes were small to moderate (range: 0.05-0.70) and 11% of patients did not show neuropsychological dysfunctioning. The best fitting model predicting ADHD included measures from distinct cognitive domains (82.1% specificity, 64.9% sensitivity). Furthermore, patients receiving stimulant medication or with a history of MDD were not distinctively impaired. To conclude, while adults with ADHD as a group are impaired on several cognitive domains, the results confirm that adult ADHD is neuropsychologically heterogeneous. This provides a starting point to investigate individual differences in terms of impaired cognitive pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.