ArticleEnvironment international2015
Environmental phenols and pubertal development in girls.
Article in Environment international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal and postnatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review.International journal of dermatology · 2020Pooled it
- Mechanistic pathways of cosmetic ingredient toxicity: a critical review of in vitro and in vivo evidence.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Emerging role of microplastics and nanoplastics in children's health.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Association of exposure to synthetic phenols and metal(loid)s with early puberty in Spanish girls: a multicentric case-control study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Associations of Urinary Metabolites of Parabens and Bisphenol a with Premature Thelarche among a Sample of Iranian GirlsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in cosmetics: mechanistic insights and their impact on human and skin health.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Endocrine and Reproductive Health Considerations of Sunscreen UV Filters: Insights from a Comprehensive Review 2014-2024.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Evaluating Phthalates and Bisphenol in Foods: Risks for Precocious Puberty and Early-Onset Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 lockdown and the rate of central precocious puberty.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Variability in urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens across childhood and relation to adolescent breast composition in Chilean girls.Environment international · 2022Article
- Article
- Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Prospective association of dietary soy and fibre intake with puberty timing: a cohort study among Chinese children.BMC medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental exposures to many phenols are documented worldwide and exposures can be quite high (>1 μM of urine metabolites). Phenols have a range of hormonal activity, but knowledge of effects on child reproductive development is limited, coming mostly from cross-sectional studies. We undertook a prospective study of pubertal development among 1239 girls recruited at three U.S. sites when they were 6-8 years old and were followed annually for 7 years to determine age at first breast or pubic hair development. Ten phenols were measured in urine collected at enrollment (benzophenone-3, enterolactone, bisphenol A, three parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-), 2,5-dichlorophenol, triclosan, genistein, daidzein). We used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR (95% confidence intervals)) and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to estimate relative risk of earlier or later age at puberty associated with phenol exposures. For enterolactone and benzophenone-3, girls experienced breast development 5-6 months later, adjusted HR 0.79 (0.64-0.98) and HR 0.80 (0.65-0.98) respectively for the 5th vs 1st quintiles of urinary biomarkers (μg/g-creatinine). Earlier breast development was seen for triclosan and 2,5-dichlorophenol: 4-9 months sooner for 5th vs 1st quintiles of urinary concentrations (HR 1.17 (0.96-1.43) and HR 1.37 (1.09-1.72), respectively). Association of breast development with enterolactone, but not the other three phenols, was mediated by body size. These phenols may be antiadipogens (benzophenone-3 and enterolactone) or thyroid agonists (triclosan and 2,5-dichlorophenol), and their ubiquity and relatively high levels in children would benefit from further investigation to confirm these findings and to establish whether there are certain windows of susceptibility during which exposure can affect pubertal development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.