Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2016
SN2-Palmitate Reduces Fatty Acid Excretion in Chinese Formula-fed Infants.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of feeding infant formula rich in sn-2 palmitate for 6 months on fecal saponified fatty acids, calcium and stool characteristics: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- An infant formula with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets containing a mixture of dairy and vegetable lipids supports adequate growth and is well tolerated in healthy, term infants.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Camel milk fat-based human milk fat substitute.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Observational
- Which is the optimal choice for neonates' formula or breast milk?Natural products and bioprospecting · 2024Article
- An A2 β-casein infant formula with high sn-2 palmitate and casein phosphopeptides supports adequate growth, improved stool consistency, and bone strength in healthy, term Chinese infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Development and large-scale production of human milk fat analog by fermentation of microalgae.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Safety evaluation of INFAT® PLUS: Acute, genetic, teratogenic, and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols and di-unsaturated fatty acyl-palmitoyl-glycerols in Chinese human milk: Association with region during the lactation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Profiles of total and sn-2 fatty acid of human mature milk and their correlated factors: A cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Article
- A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies in Infants Fed Formulas Containing Palm Oil or Palm Olein and Sn-2 Palmitate.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- The effect of calcium palmitate on bacteria associated with infant gut microbiota.MicrobiologyOpen · 2021Article
- Chinese Breast Milk Fat Composition and Its Associated Dietary Factors: A Pilot Study on Lactating Mothers in Beijing.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPalmitic acid (PA) comprises 17% to 25% of human milk fatty acids, of which 70% to 75% are esterified to the SN2 position of the triglyceride (SN2-palmitate). In vegetable oils, which are commonly used in infant formulas, palmitate is primarily esterified to other positions, resulting in reduced calcium and fat absorption and hard stools. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of SN2-palmitate on nutrient excretion.
methodsIn total, 171 Chinese infants were included (within 14 days of birth) in this multicenter study. Formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive either SN2-palmitate formula (INFAT, n = 57) or control formula (n = 57). The formulas (Biostime, China) differed only in their SN2 PA proportions. Stool was collected at 6 postnatal weeks.
resultsThe stool dry weight and fat content of the SN2-palmitate group were lower compared with the control group (dry weight 4.25 g vs 7.28 g, P < 0.05; fat 0.8 g vs 1.2 g, P < 0.05). The lipid component was also significantly lower for the SN2-palmitate group (0.79 g vs 1.19 g, P < 0.05). PA, representing ∼50% of the saponified fatty acids, was significantly lower in the SN2-palmitate group compared with the control group (0.3 g vs 0.7 g, P < 0.01). Breast-fed infants had a significantly lower stool dry weight, fat content, and saponified fat excretion compared with formula-fed infants (P < 0.01).
conclusionsSimilar to breast milk, the SN2-palmitate infant formula primarily reduced calcium-saponified fat excretion. The results of this study further emphasize the nutritional importance of SN2-palmitate structured fat for infants.
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