Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26334183›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2015

Gene-by-social-environment interaction (GxSE) between ADCYAP1R1 genotype and neighborhood crime predicts major depression symptoms in trauma-exposed women.

Sarah R Lowe, John Pothen, James W Quinn, Andrew Rundle, Bekh Bradley, Sandro Galea, Kerry J Ressler, Karestan C Koenen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Lateral septal PACAP signaling regulates stress and anxiety reactions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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  7. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Impact of ADCYAP1R1 genotype on longitudinal fear conditioning in children: interaction with trauma and sex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020
    Article
  14. Circulating PACAP peptide and PAC1R genotype as possible transdiagnostic biomarkers for anxiety disorders in women: a preliminary study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020
    Article
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  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Sarah R LoweDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA. Electronic address: lowes@montclair.edu.
John PothenEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
James W QuinnDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Andrew RundleDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Bekh BradleyMental Health Service Line, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sandro GaleaDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kerry J ResslerDepartment of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Karestan C KoenenDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Montclair State University · USEmory University · USBoston University · USVeterans Health Administration · US

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008169 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GROSS, ROBERT E · 1987 to 2021
$20.3M
RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGYT32MH013043 · NIMH · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI Katherine M. Keyes · 1985 to 2026
$11.7M
Genetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5M
Genetic and estrogen-dependent regulation of the human PAC1R receptor and PTSDR01MH096764 · NIMH · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2012 to 2016
$2.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008169NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096764NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH013043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have explored interactions between genes and social environmental exposures (GxSEs) for trauma-related psychopathology, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and major depression (MD). The extant literature suggests the possibility of a GxSE between the rs2267735 variant of the ADCYAP1R1 gene and neighborhood crime. The current study aimed to explore this possibility among a predominantly African American sample of trauma-exposed women.

methodsFemale participants (N=1361) were recruited from a public hospital, and completed measures of PTS and MD symptoms and provided DNA samples. Participants' home addresses were mapped onto 300 neighborhoods (2010 census tracts), and data on crime within neighborhoods was collected.

resultsMultilevel models detected a significant GxSE between rs2267735 and neighborhood crime for MD symptoms (p=.01). Having two copies of the risk (C) allele was associated with higher MD symptoms for participants living in high-crime neighborhoods. LIMITATIONS: At least six limitations are noteworthy: (1) low statistical power; (2) use of self-report symptom inventories; (3) lack of information on symptom onset; (4) homogeneous sample from a single metropolitan area; (5) non-specific index of crime; and (6) use of census tracts to define neighborhoods.

conclusionsThe results provide further evidence of GxSEs for psychiatric outcomes among trauma-exposed populations. Further investigations of genetic factors for trauma-related psychopathology should include careful assessments of the social environment.

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionAdolescentAdultAllelesCrimeFemaleGenotypeHumansMajor Depressive DisorderMultilevel AnalysisReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type IResidence CharacteristicsSocial EnvironmentStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticYoung AdultADCYAP1R1 protein, humanReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type IGene-by-social-environment interactionsGenetic riskMajor depressionMultilevel modelingNeighborhood crimePosttraumatic stressSocial environment

Identifiers

PMID26334183
PMCPMC4587299
OpenAlexW2126709930

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.