Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26332681›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Deforestation and Forest Fragmentation in South Ecuador since the 1970s - Losing a Hotspot of Biodiversity.

María Fernanda Tapia-Armijos, Jürgen Homeier, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Christoph Leuschner, Marcelino de la Cruz

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. ThePhytoKeys · 2026
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  5. Importance of connectivity for carnivore richness and occupancy in fragmented biodiversity hotspots.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. PhytoKeys · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Living with Bears in Prahova Valley, Romania: An Integrative Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

María Fernanda Tapia-ArmijosSección de Ecología y Sistemática, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador; Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Jürgen HomeierPlant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Carlos Iván EspinosaSección de Ecología y Sistemática, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.
Christoph LeuschnerPlant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Marcelino de la CruzÁrea de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deforestation and fragmentation are major components of global change; both are contributing to the rapid loss of tropical forest area with important implications for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity conservation. The forests of South Ecuador are a biological 'hotspot' due to their high diversity and endemism levels. We examined the deforestation and fragmentation patterns in this area of high conservation value using aerial photographs and Aster satellite scenes. The registered annual deforestation rates of 0.75% (1976-1989) and 2.86% (1989-2008) for two consecutive survey periods, the decreasing mean patch size and the increasing isolation of the forest fragments show that the area is under severe threat. Approximately 46% of South Ecuador's original forest cover had been converted by 2008 into pastures and other anthropogenic land cover types. We found that deforestation is more intense at lower elevations (premontane evergreen forest and shrubland) and that the deforestation front currently moves in upslope direction. Improved awareness of the spatial extent, dynamics and patterns of deforestation and forest fragmentation is urgently needed in biologically diverse areas like South Ecuador.

Indexed as

BiodiversityConservation of Natural ResourcesEcosystemForestsEcuadorTropical Climate

Identifiers

PMID26332681
PMCPMC4557835

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.