ArticlePloS one2015
Viral Co-Infections in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Lower Tract Acute Respiratory Infections.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01022268 (A Comprehensive, Long-term Integrated Programme to Study the Aetiology and Immunopathology of Childhood Infectious, Inflammatory and Allergic Disease, Using the Large Patient Base of Children Attending St Mary's Hospital, London), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Comprehensive, Long-term Integrated Programme to Study the Aetiology and Immunopathology of Childhood Infectious, Inflammatory and Allergic Disease, Using the Large Patient Base of Children Attending St Mary's Hospital, London
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses of infants with respiratory tract infections in European countries in the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing between the pre-COVID-19, pandemic, and post-COVID-19 periods.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk City, Russia (2013 - 2017).PloS one · 2018Trial
- Influenza A and other respiratory viruses show distinct associations with acute respiratory presentations and temporal correlation with hospital admissions.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Respiratory Viral Codetections on RSV Disease Burden in Young Children in Primary Care.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Shifting patterns of pediatric respiratory viruses during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Epidemiological characteristics of single and co-infections with upper respiratory tract pathogens among children in eastern China: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Co-infections with Multiple Viruses: A Frequent cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Sarawak Malaysia.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Viral Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Viral Coinfections as Factors Regulating Paediatric Disease Severity.Viruses · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Diagnostic Accuracy of Respiratory Pathogens in Pediatric Populations: Insights From Global Studies.Cureus · 2024Review
- Global Epidemiology and Seasonality of Human Seasonal Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Targeted metagenomics reveals association between severity and pathogen co-detection in infants with respiratory syncytial virus.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Viral co-detection of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses in hospitalized Brazilian patients during the first three years of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic: an epidemiological profile.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Regions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Spread of Pathogens Causing Respiratory Viral Diseases Before and During CoVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan.Indian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Detection of respiratory pathogens by application of multiplex PCR panel during early period of COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Central Taiwan.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Article
- Pathogen Profile of Children Hospitalised with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Free State Province, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014-2017) in Macao.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical manifestations and outcome of viral acute lower respiratory infection in hospitalised children in Myanmar.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMolecular techniques can often reveal a broader range of pathogens in respiratory infections. We aim to investigate the prevalence and age pattern of viral co-infection in children hospitalized with lower tract acute respiratory infection (LT-ARI), using molecular techniques.
methodsA nested polymerase chain reaction approach was used to detect Influenza (A, B), metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (1-4), rhinovirus, adenovirus (A-F), bocavirus and coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43) in respiratory samples of children with acute respiratory infection prospectively admitted to any of the GENDRES network hospitals between 2011-2013. The results were corroborated in an independent cohort collected in the UK.
resultsA total of 204 and 97 nasopharyngeal samples were collected in the GENDRES and UK cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, RSV was the most frequent pathogen (52.9% and 36.1% of the cohorts, respectively). Co-infection with multiple viruses was found in 92 samples (45.1%) and 29 samples (29.9%), respectively; this was most frequent in the 12-24 months age group. The most frequently observed co-infection patterns were RSV-Rhinovirus (23 patients, 11.3%, GENDRES cohort) and RSV-bocavirus / bocavirus-influenza (5 patients, 5.2%, UK cohort).
conclusionThe presence of more than one virus in pediatric patients admitted to hospital with LT-ARI is very frequent and seems to peak at 12-24 months of age. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear but should warrant further analysis.
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