ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2015
Performance Comparison of CGM Systems: MARD Values Are Not Always a Reliable Indicator of CGM System Accuracy.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Double Dummy Design for Blinding Studies With Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Proof of Concept Trial.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- Continuous Glucose Deviation Interval and Variability Analysis (CG-DIVA): A Novel Approach for the Statistical Accuracy Assessment of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Head-to-Head Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Why are They not Used More Systematically?Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the precision and reliability of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in ambulatory settings: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Clinical Performance Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Reporting.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring for inpatient diabetes management: an update on current evidence and practice.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Variation of Mean Absolute Relative Differences of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Throughout the Day.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Article
- Clinical Use of a 180-Day Implantable Glucose Monitoring System in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Comparison of venous, capillary and interstitial blood glucose data measured during hyperbaric oxygen treatment from patients with diabetes mellitus.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2021Article
- Benefits of a Switch from Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring (isCGM) to Real-Time (rt) CGM in Diabetes Type 1 Suboptimal Controlled Patients in Real-Life: A One-Year Prospective StudySensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Tracking metabolic responses based on macronutrient consumption: A comprehensive study to continuously monitor and quantify dual markers (cortisol and glucose) in human sweat using WATCH sensor.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2021Article
- Comparative Accuracy Analysis of a Real-time and an Intermittent-Scanning Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2021Article
- Infrared measurements of glucose in peritoneal fluid with a tuneable quantum cascade laser.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Adaptive Boosting Based Personalized Glucose Monitoring System (PGMS) for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Prediction with Improved Accuracy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Monitoring of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Benefits and Limitations of MARD as a Performance Parameter for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Interstitial Space.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2020Article
- Performance and Usability of Three Systems for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Direct Comparison.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Article
- Measures of Accuracy for Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Review
- Analysis of "Performance of a Factory-Calibrated, Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Pediatric Participants With Type 1 Diabetes".Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ongoing progress of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems results in an increasing interest in comparing their performance, in particular in terms of accuracy, that is, matching CGM readings with reference values measured at the same time. Most often accuracy is evaluated by the mean absolute relative difference (MARD). It is frequently overseen that MARD does not only reflect accuracy, but also the study protocol and evaluation procedure, making a cross-study comparison problematic.
methodsWe evaluate the effect of several factors on the MARD statistical properties: number of paired reference and CGM values, distribution of the paired values, accuracy of the reference measurement device itself and the time delay between data pairs. All analysis is done using clinical data from 12 patients wearing 6 sensors each.
resultsWe have found that a few paired points can have a potentially high impact on MARD. Leaving out those points for evaluation thus reduces the MARD. Similarly, accuracy of the reference measurements greatly affects the MARD as numerical and graphical data show. Results also show that a log-normal distribution of the paired references provides a significantly different MARD than, for example, a uniform distribution.
conclusionsMARD is a reasonable parameter to characterize the performance of CGM systems when keeping its limitations in mind. To support clinicians and patients in selecting which CGM system to use in a clinical setting, care should be taken to make MARD more comparable by employing a standardized evaluation procedure.
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