Observational studyCirculation2015
How Does Cardiovascular Disease First Present in Women and Men? Incidence of 12 Cardiovascular Diseases in a Contemporary Cohort of 1,937,360 People.
Observational study in Circulation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01164371 (Gender Differences in the Development and Prognosis of Coronary Disease Where Initial Disease Manifestation is Stable Angina, Myocardial Infarction or Unheralded Coronary Death), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gender Differences in the Development and Prognosis of Coronary Disease Where Initial Disease Manifestation is Stable Angina, Myocardial Infarction or Unheralded Coronary Death: A CALIBER Study Using Linked GPRD-MINAP Data
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of Risk Prediction Models to Detect Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Morphological suitability for endovascular repair, non-intervention rates, and operative mortality in women and men assessed for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: systematic reviews with meta-analysis.Lancet (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Natriuretic peptides and integrated risk assessment for cardiovascular disease: an individual-participant-data meta-analysis.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2016Pooled it
- Predicted Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Following Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the UK NCRI RAPID Trial of Positron Emission Tomography-Directed Therapy for Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Association between clinically recorded alcohol consumption and initial presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study using linked health records.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Trial
- Increased Cardiac Workload in the Upright Posture in Men: Noninvasive Hemodynamics in Men Versus Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Trial
- Small airways obstruction predicts cardiovascular disease incidence: a longitudinal study of UK Biobank.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Causal associations between ankylosing spondylitis and cardiovascular disease: a mendelian randomization analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- First Presentation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Previously Healthy Individuals.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Thresholds in Middle-Aged Adults.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Trends in diabetes and stroke-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: a population-based analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Sex-Based Differences in Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Ascending Aortic Dilation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Evolving Trends and Drug Class Dynamics in Drug-Induced Myocarditis: A 2-Decade Comparative Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Sex-Specific Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biological Mechanisms, Diagnostic-Therapeutic Differences, and Translational Medicine Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Gender specific aspects of digital screening for atrial fibrillation: insights from the randomized eBRAVE-AF trial.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Newly Diagnosed Severe Aortic Stenosis in British Columbia (B.C.).Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a 3D Brain Model to Study Sex-Specific Neuroinflammation After Hemorrhagic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Macrophage Lyn Kinase Is a Sex-Specific Regulator of Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Neuroinflammation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven the recent declines in heart attack and stroke incidence, it is unclear how women and men differ in first lifetime presentations of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We compared the incidence of 12 cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases in women and men at different ages. METHODS AND
resultsWe studied 1 937 360 people, aged ≥ 30 years and free from diagnosed CVD at baseline (51% women), using linked electronic health records covering primary care, hospital admissions, acute coronary syndrome registry, and mortality (Cardiovascular Research Using LInked Bespoke Studies and Electronic Records [CALIBER] research platform). During 6 years median follow-up between 1997 and 2010, 114 859 people experienced an incident cardiovascular diagnosis, the majority (66%) of which were neither myocardial infarction nor ischemic stroke. Associations of male sex with initial diagnoses of CVD, however, varied from strong (age-adjusted hazard ratios, 3.6-5.0) for abdominal aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction, and unheralded coronary death (particularly >60 years), through modest (hazard ratio, 1.5-2.0) for stable angina, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrest, to weak (hazard ratio <1.5) for transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, and unstable angina, and inverse (0.69) for subarachnoid hemorrhage (all P<0.001).
conclusionsThe majority of initial presentations of CVD are neither myocardial infarction nor ischemic stroke, yet most primary prevention studies focus on these presentations. Sex has differing associations with different CVDs, with implications for risk prediction and management strategies. CLINICAL
trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01164371.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.