ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2015
Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms.
Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-local Muscle Fatigue Effects on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Non-local acute stretching effects on strength performance in healthy young adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Non-local Acute Passive Stretching Effects on Range of Motion in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Acute Effect of Percussive Massage on Cross-Section Area, Muscle Strength, and Late Muscle Pain of the Quadriceps Muscle Following a Fatigue Protocol in Physically Active Men: Randomized Clinical Trial.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Trial
- The Duration of Non-Local Muscle Fatigue Effects.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Unilateral Quadriceps Fatigue Induces Greater Impairments of Ipsilateral versus Contralateral Elbow Flexors and Plantar Flexors Performance in Physically Active Young Adults.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2021Trial
- Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2021Trial
- Cross Education Training Effects are Evident with Twice Daily, Self-Administered Band Stretch Training.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2019Trial
- Topical Analgesic Improved or Maintained Ballistic Hip Flexion Range of Motion with Treated and Untreated Legs.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2019Trial
- Exercise-induced trunk fatigue decreases double poling performance in well-trained cross-country skiers.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- Dominant Leg Continuous Unilateral Hopping Impairs Contralateral Leg But Not Upper Body Explosive Performance.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical, Functional, and Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Shoulder-Elbow Complex in Padel Players with Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Pilot Observational Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Examination of sex differences in fatigability, muscle oxygenation, and neuromuscular responses during low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Mirror Visual Feedback Selectively Attenuates Crossover Fatigue in Distal Upper Limb Musculature: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Investigation Comparing Children and Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Directional Asymmetry of Crossover Neuromuscular Fatigue Following Unilateral Handgrip Exercise in Adults and Prepubertal Children.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The cross-over effects of unilateral resistance exercise in trained males and females.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Non-local Muscle Fatigue in Young and Middle-Aged Women following Fast-Paced Walking.International journal of exercise science · 2026Article
- Finger tapping at maximal speed evokes crossover fatigability in the other hand.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Bilateral neuromuscular adaptation to acute unilateral resistance exercise in healthy older adults.GeroScience · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNon-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is characterized by muscle performance impairments in a contralateral or remote non-exercised muscle(s) following a fatiguing protocol of a different muscle group(s). This topic is of interest as it affords insights into physiological determinants of muscle fatigue and may provide practical applications concerning the order of exercises in training and rehabilitation programs.
methodsA literature review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to evaluate the NLMF effects and possible underlying mechanisms. Overall, 35 studies with 58 outcome measures that met the inclusion criteria were identified.
resultsThe literature is conflicting with approximately half of the studies reporting NLMF effects (32 of 58 measurements). However, on closer examination 76% of outcome measures of the lower limbs reported NLMF effects (23 of 30 measurements) compared to only 32% in the upper body (9 of 28 measurements). Thus, it appears that NLMF effects may be muscle group dependent. Also, tests that involve prolonged or repetitive contractions provide clearer evidence of NLMF. Other variables potentially influencing the size of the NLMF effect include the fatigued muscle groups, the protocols used to elicit the fatigue, gender and training background of participants.
conclusionWhile the NLMF literature is conflicting, certain variables appear to affect NLMF responses which can account for some of the discrepancies. Furthermore, the NLMF effects may be attributed to four different but interconnected pathways: neurological, biochemical, biomechanical and psychological.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26330274What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.