Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26327723›Full record

ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

Impact of the National School Lunch Program on Fruit and Vegetable Selection in Northeastern Elementary Schoolchildren, 2012-2013.

Sarah A Amin, Bethany A Yon, Jennifer C Taylor, Rachel K Johnson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Impact of School Rurality on Fruit and Vegetable Selection Differs by Sex and Eating Duration for Arizona Schools.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Amin et al. Respond.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
    Article
  20. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Schools.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sarah A AminUniversity of Vermont Burlington, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Burlington, VT.
Bethany A YonUniversity of Vermont Burlington, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Burlington, VT.
Jennifer C TaylorUniversity of California, Department of Nutrition, Davis, CA.
Rachel K JohnsonUniversity of Vermont Burlington, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Burlington, VT.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing children's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is an important goal of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) National School Lunch Program. Since 2012, the USDA's requirement that children select FVs at lunch as part of the reimbursable school meal has been met with concern and evidence of food waste. We compared elementary schoolchildren's FV selection, consumption, and waste before (10 school visits, 498 tray observations) and after (11 school visits, 944 tray observations) implementation of this requirement using validated dietary assessment measures. More children selected FVs in higher amounts when FVs were required compared with when they were optional (0.69 cups vs. 0.89 cups, p<0.001); however, consumption decreased slightly (0.51 cups vs. 0.45 cups, p=0.01) and waste increased (0.25 cups vs. 0.39 cups, p<0.001) when FVs were required compared with when they were optional. More exposure to FVs in schools through programmatic efforts and in the home environment may help familiarize children with FV offerings and encourage consumption.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorFruitLunchVegetablesChildChi-Square DistributionData CollectionEnergy IntakeFood AssistanceFood ServicesHumansNew EnglandPhotographySchoolsUnited StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture

Identifiers

PMID26327723
PMCPMC4529829

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.