ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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82 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in gene cloning and functional genomics approaches for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement.The plant genome · 2026Review
- Structural and coding variation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Combining promoter and induced intron 1 mutations ofMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2026Article
- Current status and future perspective of genomics-assisted breeding in wheat (Breeding science · 2026Article
- O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genomic prediction models for morpho-phenological traits in durum wheat based on Vrn, Ppd, and Rht alleles.The plant genome · 2025Article
- Winter Wheat Vernalization Alleles and Freezing Tolerance at the Seedling and Jointing Stages.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of five allelic variants of the wheat vernalization geneMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2025Article
- Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TaFDL gene family responded to vernalization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Molecular genetic regulation of the vegetative-generative transition in wheat from an environmental perspective.Annals of botany · 2025Review
- Transcriptome analyses reveal the flowering regulatory networks in the desert ephemeral plantFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Ancient diversity ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- The E3 ligase TaE3V-B1 ubiquitinates proteins encoded by the vernalization gene TaVRN1 and regulates developmental processes in wheat.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of an ancient hexaploid wheat species Triticum sphaerococcum using SNP markers.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Chromatin loops gather targets of upstream regulators together for efficient gene transcription regulation during vernalization in wheat.Genome biology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Secrets of Early-Maturity and Short-Duration Bread Wheat in Unpredictable Environments.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Distinct roles of H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 in vernalization response, maintenance, and resetting in winter wheat.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Heading Date in Wheat under Phosphorus Stress Conditions.Genes · 2024Article
- Epigenetic control on transcription of vernalization genes and whole-genome gene expression profile induced by vernalization in common wheat.Plant diversity · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Wheat varieties with a winter growth habit require long exposures to low temperatures (vernalization) to accelerate flowering. Natural variation in four vernalization genes regulating this requirement has favored wheat adaptation to different environments. The first three genes (VRN1-VRN3) have been cloned and characterized before. Here we show that the fourth gene, VRN-D4, originated by the insertion of a ∼290-kb region from chromosome arm 5AL into the proximal region of chromosome arm 5DS. The inserted 5AL region includes a copy of VRN-A1 that carries distinctive mutations in its coding and regulatory regions. Three lines of evidence confirmed that this gene is VRN-D4: it cosegregated with VRN-D4 in a high-density mapping population; it was expressed earlier than other VRN1 genes in the absence of vernalization; and induced mutations in this gene resulted in delayed flowering. VRN-D4 was found in most accessions of the ancient subspecies Triticum aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum from South Asia. This subspecies showed a significant reduction of genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation in the centromeric region of chromosome 5D, suggesting that VRN-D4 likely contributed to local adaptation and was favored by positive selection. Three adjacent SNPs in a regulatory region of the VRN-D4 first intron disrupt the binding of GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (TaGRP2), a known repressor of VRN1 expression. The same SNPs were identified in VRN-A1 alleles previously associated with reduced vernalization requirement. These alleles can be used to modulate vernalization requirements and to develop wheat varieties better adapted to different or changing environments.
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