Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2016
Clinical and Translational Results of a Phase II, Randomized Trial of an Anti-IGF-1R (Cixutumumab) in Women with Breast Cancer That Progressed on Endocrine Therapy.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse Events and Efficacy of Cixutumumab in Phase II Clinical Trials: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2017Pooled it
- Immune and Growth Factor Signaling Pathways Are Associated with Pathologic Complete Response to an Anti-Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Regimen in Patients with Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- XENERA-1: a randomised double-blind Phase II trial of xentuzumab in combination with everolimus and exemestane versus everolimus and exemestane in patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and non-visceral disease.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Trial
- Randomized Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Lapatinib with or without IMC-A12 (Cituxumumab) in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy: NCCTG N0733 (Alliance).Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Trial
- A randomized phase II trial of ridaforolimus, dalotuzumab, and exemestane compared with ridaforolimus and exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Trial
- mRNA and protein expression of fetal insulin receptor in breast cancer cell lines and tissues.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- The Impact of IGFBP6 Knockdown on Cholesterol Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- mRNA and Protein Expression of Fetal Insulin Receptor in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Correlation between insulin receptor expression and tumor cell proliferation, recurrence and metastasis in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Neuro-Cancer Interactions Shape Glioma Intratumoral Heterogeneity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- IGF-1R inhibitors in cancer: A review of available evidence and future outlook.Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2025Review
- Identifying antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of insulin receptor isoform A.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Postmarketing Safety Concerns of Teprotumumab: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Assessment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Implications of obesity and insulin resistance for the treatment of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2024Review
- Decoding the Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Its Isoforms in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exogenous Metabolic Modulators Improve Response to Carboplatin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2024Article
- Insulin promotes growth in breast cancer cells through the type I IGF receptor in insulin receptor deficient cells.Experimental cell research · 2024Article
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor crosstalk with integrins, cadherins, and the tumor microenvironment: sticking points in understanding IGF1R function in cancer.Endocrine-related cancer · 2023Review
- Insulin/IGF Axis and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Role in Meta-inflammation and Potential in Cancer Therapy.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of cixutumumab, a human anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) monoclonal IgG1 antibody, and explored potential biomarkers in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL
designPatients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer that progressed on antiestrogen therapy received (2:1 randomization) cixutumumab 10 mg/kg and the same antiestrogen (arm A) or cixutumumab alone (arm B) every 2 weeks (q2w). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. Correlative analyses of IGF-1R, total insulin receptor (IR), and IR isoforms A (IR-A) and B (IR-B) expression in tumor tissue were explored.
resultsNinety-three patients were randomized (arm A, n = 62; arm B, n = 31). Median PFS was 2.0 and 3.1 months for arm A and arm B, respectively. Secondary efficacy measures were similar between the arms. Overall, cixutumumab was well tolerated. IGF-1R expression was not associated with clinical outcomes. Regardless of the treatment, lower IR-A, IR-B, and total IR mRNA expression in tumor tissue was significantly associated with longer PFS [IR-A: HR, 2.62 (P = 0.0062); IR-B: HR, 2.21 (P = 0.0202); and total IR: HR, 2.18 (P = 0.0230)] and OS [IR-A: HR, 2.94 (P = 0.0156); IR-B: HR, 2.69 (P = 0.0245); and total IR: HR, 2.72 (P = 0.0231)].
conclusionsCixutumumab (10 mg/kg) with or without antiestrogen q2w had an acceptable safety profile, but no significant clinical efficacy. Patients with low total IR, IR-A, and IR-B mRNA expression levels had significantly longer PFS and OS, independent of the treatment. The prognostic or predictive value of IR as a biomarker for IGF-1R-targeted therapies requires further validation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.