Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26324250›Full record

Trial reportTobacco control2016

Electronic cigarette nicotine delivery can exceed that of combustible cigarettes: a preliminary report.

Carolina P Ramôa, Marzena M Hiler, Tory R Spindle, Alexa A Lopez, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Thokozeni Lipato, Alison B Breland, Alan Shihadeh, Thomas Eissenberg

Abstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017
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  12. The Importance of Conditioned Stimuli in Cigarette and E-Cigarette Craving Reduction by E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017
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  17. Reactions to a Hypothetical Ban of Open-System Electronic Cigarettes Among People Who Currently Use Electronic Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Carolina P RamôaCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Marzena M HilerCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Tory R SpindleCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Alexa A LopezCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Nareg KaraoghlanianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Thokozeni LipatoCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Alison B BrelandCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Alan ShihadehCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Thomas EissenbergCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Funding

Training and Education Core p270-287P50DA036105 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI EISSENBERG, THOMAS EVAN · 2013 to 2017
$19.2M
The effect of electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquid vehicles on ECIG acute effectsF31DA040319 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI SPINDLE, TORY RICHARD · 2015 to 2017
$95k
NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA040319NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA036105NIDA NIH HHS P50DA036105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionElectronic cigarettes (ECIGs) aerosolise a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerine, flavourants and the dependence-producing drug, nicotine, in various concentrations. This laboratory study examined the relationship between liquid nicotine concentration and plasma nicotine concentration and puffing behaviour in experienced ECIG users.

methodsSixteen ECIG-experienced participants used a 3.3-Volt ECIG battery attached to a 1.5-Ohm dual-coil 'cartomiser' loaded with 1 mL of a flavoured propylene glycol/vegetable glycerine liquid to complete four sessions, at least 2 days apart, that differed by nicotine concentration (0, 8, 18 or 36 mg/mL). In each session, participants completed two 10-puff ECIG-use bouts (30 s puff interval) separated by 60 min. Venous blood was sampled to determine plasma nicotine concentration. Puff duration, volume and average flow rate were measured.

resultsImmediately after bout 1, mean plasma nicotine concentration was 5.5 ng/mL (SD=7.7) for 0 mg/mL liquid, with significantly (p<0.05) higher mean concentrations observed for the 8 (mean=17.8 ng/mL, SD=14.6), 18 (mean=25.9 ng/mL, SD=17.5) and 36 mg/mL (mean=30.2 ng/mL; SD=20.0) concentrations; a similar pattern was observed for bout 2. For bout 1, at 36 mg/mL, the mean post- minus pre-bout difference was 24.1 ng/mL (SD=18.3). Puff topography data were consistent with previous results and revealed few reliable differences across conditions. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates a relationship between ECIG liquid nicotine concentration and user plasma nicotine concentration in experienced ECIG users. Nicotine delivery from some ECIGs may exceed that of a combustible cigarette. The rationale for this higher level of nicotine delivery is uncertain.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsSmoking PreventionVapingAdministration, InhalationAdultAerosolsDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleHumansMaleNicotineNicotinic AgonistsSmokingSmoking CessationTime FactorsAerosolsNicotineNicotinic AgonistsAddictionElectronic nicotine delivery devicesNicotine

Identifiers

PMID26324250
PMCPMC4888876

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.