ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2015
Through the wall: extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 659 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
659 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- From selenite to selenium nanoparticle: comparative biosynthetic mechanisms across Bacillus and a roadmap for Bacillus licheniformis.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in urinary extracellular vesicles originating from the genitourinary system in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Emerging Postbiotic Effectors in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Towards a Scalable Production ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Anti-Melanogenic and Skin-Protective Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532-Derived Fractions and Extracellular Vesicles.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Cold exposure-induced loss of beneficial gut bacterial sEV is associated with the pathogenesis of bone loss through pyroptosis pathway.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A functional amyloid matrix underpins the PDIM-architected corded superstructure of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles indirectly destabilize a human stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier on-chip through pro-inflammatory stimulation of immune cells.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- The Effect of Myrtacine and Celastrol-Enriched Extract on Cutibacterium acnes Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Cell Envelope Remodeling and Lipid Metabolism Coordinate Extracellular Vesicle Output in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Enterococcus faecalis: inflammatory activation does not require internalization.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Versatile Platforms for Systemic and Mucosal Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: New Hype or Hope to Explain Reproductive Host-Microbiota Interactions.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
599 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria, EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the thick cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi is still unknown. Nonetheless, EVs have been described in a variety of cell-walled organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. These EVs contain varied cargo, including nucleic acids, toxins, lipoproteins and enzymes, and have important roles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis. In this Review, we describe the current status of vesiculogenesis research in thick-walled microorganisms and discuss the cargo and functions associated with EVs in these species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.