ArticleScientific reports2015
Infrared video tracking of Anopheles gambiae at insecticide-treated bed nets reveals rapid decisive impact after brief localised net contact.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria in Africa.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria in Africa.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Assessing the impact of the addition of pyriproxyfen on the durability of permethrin-treated bed nets in Burkina Faso: a compound-randomized controlled trial.Malaria journal · 2019Trial
- Anti-malarial contact dependent blocking of transmission of Plasmodium vivax by Anopheles darlingi mosquito vector.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Integrating 3D video tracking with the standard WHO tunnel assay: a proof-of-concept to support improving insecticide-treated nets for mosquito control.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- How technologies are driving digital innovation in mosquito surveillance systems: a global scoping review over the past decade.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessments of Anopheles arabiensis behaviour around bed nets using partial adhesive treatments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Using non-insecticidal traps indoors can complement insecticide-treated nets to target insecticide-resistant malaria vectors.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Discrimination of inherent characteristics of susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae by explainable artificial intelligence analysis of flight trajectories.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Revealing complex mosquito behaviour: a review of current automated video tracking systems suitable for tracking mosquitoes in the field.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Machine learning reveals immediate disruption in mosquito flight when exposed to Olyset nets.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- In the arm-in-cage test, topical repellents activate mosquitoes to disengage upon contact instead of repelling them at distance.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Repellency of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) during host-seeking behavior of bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in binary choice olfactometer assays.Journal of medical entomology · 2024Article
- 3D video tracking analysis reveals that mosquitoes pass more likely through holes in permethrin-treated than in untreated nets.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The behaviour of adult Anopheles gambiae, sub-Saharan Africa's principal malaria vector, and its relevance to malaria control: a review.Malaria journal · 2024Review
- Video-trackedRoyal Society open science · 2024Article
- Physical durability and insecticidal activity of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Behavioural responses ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) protect humans from malaria transmission and are fundamental to malaria control worldwide, but little is known of how mosquitoes interact with nets. Elucidating LLIN mode of action is essential to maintain or improve efficacy, an urgent need as emerging insecticide resistance threatens their future. Tracking multiple free-flying Anopheles gambiae responding to human-occupied bed nets in a novel large-scale system, we characterised key behaviours and events. Four behavioural modes with different levels of net contact were defined: swooping, visiting, bouncing and resting. Approximately 75% of all activity occurred at the bed net roof where multiple brief contacts were focussed above the occupant's torso. Total flight and net contact times were lower at LLINs than untreated nets but the essential character of the response was unaltered. LLINs did not repel mosquitoes but impacted rapidly: LLIN contact of less than 1 minute per mosquito during the first ten minutes reduced subsequent activity; after thirty minutes, activity at LLINs was negligible. Velocity measurements showed that mosquitoes detected nets, including unbaited untreated nets, prior to contact. This is the most complete characterisation of mosquito-LLIN interactions to date, and reveals many aspects of LLIN mode of action, important for developing the next generation of LLINs.
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