ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2016
Dysfunctional HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04390711 (An Observational Cross-sectional Study to Compare Carbamylated High-density Lipoprotein Levels Among Normal Subjects, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Coronary Heart Disease.), which is not on this map. Cited by 431 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Observational Cross-sectional Study to Compare Carbamylated High-density Lipoprotein Levels Among Normal Subjects, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Coronary Heart Disease.
Who cites it
431 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 777 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-density lipoprotein particles are associated with the risk of mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of gallstone disease on the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease: evidence from prospective observational studies and genetic analyses.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Lipid Challenge Reveals Amplified Apolipoprotein Responses with Preserved Temporal Pattern in Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: An Exploratory Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Neutrophil extracellular trap suppression in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic therapy: a prospective observational study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Coronary Atheroma Regression After Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy: A Pooled Analysis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Beyond Biomimetics: Pathology-Informed Engineering Rescues Reconstituted HDL From Inflammatory Dysfunction for Sepsis Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- FLRT2 promotes foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by inhibiting USP22-mediated ABCA1 deubiquitination.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Reprogramming of the lipid metabolism axis in systemic sclerosis: mechanism analysis and therapeutic potential.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Lipid Indices in Predicting Residual SYNTAX Score After Primary PCI in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Decoding the lipid etiology of atherogenic index of plasma and gout: establishing the causal role of triglycerides through NHANES, Mendelian randomization, and network pharmacology.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Biology of HDL: From Structural Heterogeneity to Dysfunctional Remodeling in Cardiovascular Disease and Comorbidities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genetic and molecular signatures highlight diverse pathways linking obesity to type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Association Between Neutrophil-to-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and Coronary Artery Calcium: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Association Between HDL Cholesterol Changes and Cardiovascular Event Risk: A Nationwide Health Screening Cohort in Japan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between the atherogenic index of plasma trajectory and risk of cardiovascular diseases among hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Dose‑dependent association of smoking exposure with HDL subfraction cholesterol content.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A functional SNP rs12718466 in APOA1 promoter modulates gene expression via interaction with SOX7.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
371 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against atherosclerosis by removing excess cholesterol from macrophages through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) pathways involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Factors that impair the availability of functional apolipoproteins or the activities of ABCA1 and ABCG1 could, therefore, strongly influence atherogenesis. HDL also inhibits lipid oxidation, restores endothelial function, exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic actions, and exerts anti-inflammatory actions in animal models. Such properties could contribute considerably to the capacity of HDL to inhibit atherosclerosis. Systemic and vascular inflammation has been proposed to convert HDL to a dysfunctional form that has impaired antiatherogenic effects. A loss of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative proteins, perhaps in combination with a gain of proinflammatory proteins, might be another important component in rendering HDL dysfunctional. The proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase induces both oxidative modification and nitrosylation of specific residues on plasma and arterial apolipoprotein A-I to render HDL dysfunctional, which results in impaired ABCA1 macrophage transport, the activation of inflammatory pathways, and an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Understanding the features of dysfunctional HDL or apolipoprotein A-I in clinical practice might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.