Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26322839›Full record

ArticleNature methods2015

CRISPRscan: designing highly efficient sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9 targeting in vivo.

Miguel A Moreno-Mateos, Charles E Vejnar, Jean-Denis Beaudoin, Juan P Fernandez, Emily K Mis, Mustafa K Khokha, Antonio J Giraldez

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 774 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
774citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
45.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

774 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,358 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. CRISPR for cystic fibrosis: Advances and insights from a systematic review.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  11. Folic acid prevention of neural tube defects requires retinoic acid produced by ALDH1L1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. 10 years of CRISPR/CAS genomic engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. CRISPR Gene Tagging for Illuminating Endogenous Protein Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

714 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Miguel A Moreno-MateosDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Charles E VejnarDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Jean-Denis BeaudoinDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Juan P FernandezDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Emily K MisDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Mustafa K KhokhaDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Antonio J GiraldezDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Yale University · USYale Cancer Center · US

Funding

The Role of MicroRNAs in Vertebrate DevelopmentR01GM081602 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2007 to 2016
$2.9M
A system approach to the analysis of Heterotaxy Candiate GenesR01HD081379 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KHOKHA, MUSTAFA K · 2014 to 2018
$2.7M
Functional analysis of the zebrafish genome through RNA-seq and ribosome profileR01HD074078 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2012 to 2016
$2.3M
Molecular Characterization of the microRNA Processing PathwaysR01GM101108 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2012 to 2015
$2.0M
Analysis of the gene networks regulating the maternal to zygotic transitionR01GM103789 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2012 to 2015
$1.7M
Cardiac phenotyping of CHD candidate genes in XenopusR33HL120783 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BRUECKNER, MARTINA, KHOKHA, MUSTAFA K · 2016 to 2018
$1.6M
Molecular mechanisms of microRNA mediated regulationR01GM102251 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2012 to 2015
$1.3M
Development of RNA interference in zebrafishR21HD073768 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2012 to 2013
$445k
NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL120783NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD074078NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD081379NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD073768NIGMS NIH HHS GM081602NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM081602NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM101108NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM102251NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM103789
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 technology provides a powerful system for genome engineering. However, variable activity across different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) remains a significant limitation. We analyzed the molecular features that influence sgRNA stability, activity and loading into Cas9 in vivo. We observed that guanine enrichment and adenine depletion increased sgRNA stability and activity, whereas differential sgRNA loading, nucleosome positioning and Cas9 off-target binding were not major determinants. We also identified sgRNAs truncated by one or two nucleotides and containing 5' mismatches as efficient alternatives to canonical sgRNAs. On the basis of these results, we created a predictive sgRNA-scoring algorithm, CRISPRscan, that effectively captures the sequence features affecting the activity of CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo. Finally, we show that targeting Cas9 to the germ line using a Cas9-nanos 3' UTR led to the generation of maternal-zygotic mutants, as well as increased viability and decreased somatic mutations. These results identify determinants that influence Cas9 activity and provide a framework for the design of highly efficient sgRNAs for genome targeting in vivo.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsCRISPR-Cas Systems3' Untranslated RegionsAdenineAnimalsClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsEmbryo, NonmammalianFemaleGene Expression RegulationGene TargetingGenetic EngineeringGenomeGuanineMutationRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsXenopus3' Untranslated RegionsAdenineGuanineRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsZebrafish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID26322839
PMCPMC4589495
OpenAlexW1915704240

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.